از حل تا تغییرماهیت مناقشات آبی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی‌ارشد، گروه مهندسی و مدیریت آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.

2 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه مهندسی و مدیریت آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.

3 استادیار، گروه علوم سیاسی، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری، سبزوار، ایران.

4 استادیار، گروه مهندسی و مدیریت آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.

5 دانشیار، گروه مهندسی سیستم و خدمات، دانشکده فناوری، سیاست و مدیریت، دانشگاه صنعتی دلفت، دلفت، هلند.

چکیده

وجود ذی‌مدخلان متعدد با منافع، هنجارها، اهداف و ارزش‌های متفاوت، مناقشه را به جزئی جدایی‌ناپذیر از سیستم‌های درهم‌تنیده آبی تبدیل کرده است. اثرگذاری مخرب و پیامدهای نامطلوب مناقشه بر سیستم‌های انسانی-طبیعی منابع آب، ضرورت انتخاب راه‌کار و روش مناسب به‌منظور مواجهه با مناقشات آبی را مبرهن کرده است. تاکنون روش‌ها و مدل‌های مختلفی مانند مدل‌های بهینه‌سازی- شبیه‌سازی، نظریه بازی‌ها، بازار آب، اشتراک منافع و وابستگی متقابل در مطالعات مناقشات آبی ارائه شده است. روش‌های مذکور در مطالعات متعددی برای مواجهه با مناقشه در حوضه‌های آبریز فروملی و فرامرزی مورداستفاده قرار گرفته‌اند اما راه‌کارها، راهبردها و سیاست­های مطرح با استفاده از این روش‌ها در بسیاری از موارد منجر به مواجهه کارآمد با مناقشات آبی نشده است. تحلیل و شناسایی علل ناکارآمدی روش‌های مرسوم در حوزه مناقشات آبی منجر به شکل‌گیری پژوهش حاضر شده است. در این راستا، به تطبیق رویکردهای مطرح در حوزه مطالعات صلح و مناقشه با رویکردهای مبنا در مدل‌های مطالعات مناقشات آبی پرداخته می‌شود و میزان هم‌سویی روش‌های مرسوم در مواجهه با مناقشات آبی با تحولات صورت‌گرفته در مطالعات صلح و مناقشه واکاوی می‌شود. فرضیه مطرح در پژوهش حاضر این است که عدم هم‌سویی مبانی مطالعات مناقشات آبی با تحولات اخیر صورت‌گرفته در حوزه مطالعات صلح و مناقشه منجر به ایجاد ضعف‌های بنیادین در روش‌های مرسوم مواجهه با مناقشات آبی و عدم موفقیت در ایجاد همکاری در حوضه‌های آبریز مشترک شده است. به‌منظور آزمون فرضیه پژوهش از منابع کتابخانه‌ای و روش تحلیل تطبیقی استفاده می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

From water conflict resolution to water conflict transformation

نویسندگان [English]

  • Milad Jafari 1
  • Seyede Simin Mirhashemi Dehkordi 2
  • Sedigheh Nasri Fakhredavood 3
  • Hojjat Mianabadi 4
  • Amineh Ghorbani 5
1 Master student, Water Engineering and Management Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Ph.D. Candidate, Water Engineering and Management Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Political Science Department, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran.
4 Assistant Professor, Water Engineering and Management Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
5 Associate Professor, Engineering Systems and Services Department, Faculty of Technology, Policy and Management, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.
چکیده [English]

The existence of multiple stakeholders with different interests, norms, goals, and values has made conflict an inseparable part of complex water systems. The destructive effects of conflict and undesired consequences on human-natural water resources systems have highlighted the need to recognize the appropriate approach to deal with water conflicts. Various methods and models have been applied in water conflict studies so far - such as optimization-simulation, game theory, water market, benefit-sharing, and interdependence. Although these models have been applied in several studies addressing subnational and transboundary river basin conflicts, the proposed solutions, strategies, and policies using these models have not led to effective dealing with water conflicts in many cases. Analysis and identification of the causes of inefficiency of conventional models in the water conflict studies led to the formation of the present study. The basic approaches of water conflict studies models are compared with the approaches in peace and conflict studies, and, in this regard, the degree of alignment of conventional methods in dealing with water conflicts with the developments in peace and conflict studies are investigated. The research hypothesis is that the lack of alignment of the principles of water conflict studies with recent developments in peace and conflict studies has led to fundamental weaknesses in conventional methods of dealing with water conflicts and failure to cooperate in river basins. Library resources and comparative analysis methods are used to test the research hypothesis.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Conflict Resolution
  • Conflict Transformation
  • Deal with Conflict
  • Water Conflict
  • Water Cooperation

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مدیریت آب و آبیاری
دوره 12، شماره 2
تیر 1401
صفحه 425-453

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