روش‌های برآورد مقادیر برداشت و تخلیه منابع آب زیرزمینی (بخش اول: روش‌های مبتنی بر تجربیات بین‌المللی)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه مهندسی و مدیریت آب، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.

10.22059/jwim.2023.355854.1057

چکیده

رشد جمعیت، توسعه اقتصادی و تغییرات رژیم غذایی جوامع، منجر به افزایش تقاضای آب و غذا شده است. ازاین‌رو، بررسی نحوه مدیریت منابع آب زیرزمینی با شرایط به‌وجودآمده و محتمل در آینده، لازم به توجه است. روش­های برآورد تخلیه منابع آب زیرزمینی عبارتند از روش­های مبتنی بر حجم (براساس داده­های تراز هیدرولیکی، براساس سنجش از دور با GRACE و براساس مدل­های جهانی)، روش­های مبتنی بر بیلان آب (براساس مدل­های هیدرولوژیکی جهانی و براساس روش­های سنجش از دور و مدل‌ها) و برآورد­های غیرمستقیم زمین­سنجی یا ژئودزیکی. روش‌های مختلف برآورد تخلیه منابع آب زیرزمینی دارای مزایا و معایبی هستند. روش­های مبتنی بر داده­های تراز هیدرولیکی تا حدودی قدیمی هستند و در صورت وجود خطاهای انسانی احتمالی در سیستم اندازه­گیری، عدم­قطعیت این روش­ها افزایش می­یابد. از سوی دیگر، روش‌های غیرمستقیم و استفاده از مدل­های جهانی، تکامل یافته‌اند که پیشرفت‌ها و دقت قابل‌توجهی را به همراه دارند. با این‌حال، کاربری این روش­ها وابسته به وجود داده‌های زمینی است. در واقع با توسعه امکانات آماربرداری و افزایش دقت در شبیه‌سازی و برداشت داده‌ها، امکان تغییر روش به روش‌های دقیق‌تر وجود دارد اما بدون داشتن داده‌های دقیق، کاربرد این رویکردها توصیه نمی‌شود. از طرفی این بررسی نشان می­دهد که هم برآورد نرخ­های تخلیه فعلی و هم در دسترس‌بودن منابع آب زیرزمینی تجدیدناپذیر در آینده بسیار نامطمئن هستند. برای کاهش عدم‌قطعیت در آینده نزدیک، باید داده­ها و چالش­های پژوهشی قابل‌توجهی برطرف شوند تا بتوان برنامه پایداری منابع آب زیرزمینی در کشور را در راستای بهبود برنامه­های پایداری منابع آب زیرزمینی و با توجه به اقتصاد این منابع تدوین نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Groundwater Resources Withdrawal and Depletion Estimation Methods (Part 1: Methods Based on International Experiences)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Elmira Valipour
  • Mohammad Mahdi Rasouli
  • Hamed Ketabchi
Departement of Water Engineering and Management, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Food and water demand have increased as a result of population growth, economic development, and dietary changes. As a result, it is imperative to consider how to manage groundwater resources under existing and possible future conditions. Methods to assess groundwater depletion and withdrawal include volume-based methods (based on hydraulic head data, remote sensing with Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and (global) groundwater models), water balance methods (based on global hydrological models and remote sensing of fluxes beside the models) and indirect geodetic or geodetic estimates. Different methods of assessing groundwater depletion and withdrawal have advantages and disadvantages. The methods based on hydraulic head data are somewhat old and if there are possible human errors in the measurement system, the uncertainty of these methods increases. On the other hand, indirect methods and the use of global models have evolved, which bring significant improvements and accuracy. However, the use of these methods depends on the existence of observational data. In fact, with the development of data collection facilities and increasing accuracy in simulation and data collection, it is possible to change the method to more accurate methods, but without having partial data, the use of these approaches is not recommended. On the other hand, this study shows that both the estimation of current depletion rates and the future availability of non-renewable groundwater in the future is very uncertain. To reduce the uncertainty in the near future, significant data and research challenges must be resolved so that the sustainability plan of groundwater resources in the country can be formulated in order to improve the sustainability program of groundwater resources considering the hydro-economics of these resources.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Aquifer recharge
  • Hydro-economics of groundwater resources
  • Sustainable management of groundwater resources
  • Uncertainty

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مدیریت آب و آبیاری
دوره 13، شماره 2
تیر 1402
صفحه 385-405

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