مطالعه تأثیر کیفیت آب بر سازه‌های سد و شبکه آبیاری وشمگیر

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مهندسی آبیاری و آبادانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشکدگان کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران.

2 گروه مهندسی انرژی‌های نو و محیط زیست، دانشکده علوم و فنون نوین، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

10.22059/jwim.2023.347832.1016

چکیده

هدف مطالعه حاضر، بررسی خطر آسیب‌های شیمیایی ناشی از کیفیت آب به سازه‌های بتنی در سد و شبکه ­آبیاری وشمگیر بوده است. در این مطالعه، بازدید میدانی و نمونه‌برداری از آب سد و شبکه وشمگیر در خردادماه 1401 انجام شد. به‌منظور تعیین شدت تهاجم شیمیایی آب به بتن نتایج آزمایش‌های کیفیت آب با استفاده از شاخص‌های تهاجم آب­­ نرم و استانداردهای متداول بین­المللی تحلیل شد. هم‌چنین تغییرات زمانی تهاجم شیمیایی آب با استفاده از داده‌های دریافت شده از شرکت آب منطقه‌ای گلستان بررسی شد. شاخص‌های لانژلیر و رایزنر برای آب سد در خردادماه 1401 به‌ترتیب برابر 6/0- و 6/8 و براساس این شاخص‌ها آب سد به‌ترتیب خورنده و بسیار خورنده است و سازه بتنی سرریز سد در معرض تهاجم شدید آب نرم قرار دارد. در تمام ماه‌های مطالعه‌شده خطر تهاجم حداقل یکی از عوامل آسیب‌رسان به بتن وجود داشته است. در آذرماه 1400 شاخص رایزنر برابر 49/8 و مقادیر سولفات و منیزیم به‌ترتیب 400 و 199 میلی‌گرم در لیتر بوده و در این ماه خطر تهاجم همزمان سه عامل آب نرم، سولفات و منیزیم وجود داشته ‌است. بررسی کیفیت آب سد وشمگیر در پنج ماه نشان داد که در چهار ماه آب خورنده است و در دو ماه خطر واکنش‌ یون‌های سولفات و منیزیم با بتن وجود دارد. لذا به‌منظور محافظت از سازه بتنی سرریز و پوشش کانال‌های آبیاری در برابر آب خورنده سد و آسیب‌های ناشی از واکنش‌ یون‌های سولفات و منیزیم محلول در آب با بتن، استفاده از پوشش‌های اپوکسی توصیه ‌می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of Water Quality Impact on Structures of Voshmgir Dam and Its Irrigation Network

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Sadegh Anbarsouz 1
  • Kumars Ebrahimi 2
  • Ebrahim Amiri Tokaldani 1
1 Department of Irrigation and Reclamation Engineering, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
2 Department of Renewable Energies and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

This study was aimed to investigate the risk of chemical damages originated from water quality on concrete structures of Voshmgir dam and its irrigation network. In this regard, field survey and water sampling from the dam and its network were carried out in June 2022. In order to determine the intensity of water chemical aggression to concrete, the results of water quality tests were analyzed using soft water aggression indices and well known international standards. Also, the temporal changes of water chemical aggression was investigated using the data received from Golestan water authority. Langelier and Ryznar indices for dam water in June 2021 are -0.6 and 8.6, respectively, and based on these indices, the dam water is corrosive and very corrosive, respectively, and the concrete structure of  spillway is exposed to severe soft water attack. In all studied months, there has been aggression risk of at least one damaging agent to concrete. In December 2021, Ryznar index was 8.49 and the amounts of sulfate and magnesium were 400 and 199 mg/liter, respectively, and there has been a risk of simultaneous aggression by three factors of soft water, sulfate and magnesium. Assessment of water quality of Voshmgir dam in five months showed that the water is corrosive in four months and there is a risk of sulfate and magnesium ions reaction with concrete in two months. So, to protect the spillway’s concrete structure and lining of irrigation canals against leaching by the corrosive dam water and damages originated from reaction of sulfate and magnesium ions with concrete, utilization of epoxy coatings is suggested.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Chemical deterioration
  • Concrete leaching
  • Sustainable exploitation
  • Structures of Voshmgir dam and its irrigation network
  • Water security

مراجع

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مدیریت آب و آبیاری
دوره 13، شماره 2
تیر 1402
صفحه 351-368

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