مروری بر نقش بازارآب به‌عنوان رویکردی برای مدیریت منابع با تأکید بر شرایط ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسندگان

گروه علوم و مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران.

10.22059/jwim.2022.343656.996

چکیده

افزایش جهانی تقاضای آب در کنار عرضه محدود و در حال کاهش آن، سبب شده تا بحران آب تقریباً تمامی نقاط کره زمین را تهدید کرده و این مسئله را به یکی از بزرگ‌ترین چالش‌های قرن حاضر بدل نماید. پیش‌بینی می‌شود که در صورت تداوم روند فعلی بهره‌برداری از این منابع، تا سال 2050 بیش از 21 درصد از جمعیت جهان در معرض تنش‌آبی شدید قرار گیرند. از این‌رو، بیش‌تر کشورها به اتخاذ سیاست‌های جدید در ارتباط با مدیریت تقاضای آب به جای مدیریت عرضه آب گرایش یافته‌اند و توسعه سازوکارهای مبتنی بر بازار به‌عنوان یک روش پایدار، انعطاف‌پذیر و کارا در مدیریت منابع آب و بازتوزیع آن بین مصارف مختلف، مطرح است. اگرچه نقش مؤثر بازارهای آب در تقویت استفاده از منابع بسیار محدود آب، افزایش فرصت‌ها برای بهبود بهره‌وری و کارایی مصرف آن به‌خوبی روشن شده است. اما توانایی بازار در تخصیص کارا و بهینه آب در گرو برقراری شرایط خاصی می‌باشد و بهره‌گیری از این روش در ایران مستلزم شناخت بسترهای لازم برای تشکیل یک بازار آب و هم‌چنین پیامدهای اقتصادی آن می‌باشد. مقاله حاضر با رویکرد مروری- تحلیلی ضمن معرفی رویکرد جدید مدیریت آب مبتنی بر طرف تقاضا، به تبیین مبانی نظری بازار آب، مفاهیم و ویژگی‌های آن پرداخته و با تشریح الزامات پیاده‌سازی آن در عمل، تجربیات گذشته بازار آب در ایران و جهان را مورد واکاوی قرار داده و مزایا و چالش‌های آن را به تصویر می‌کشد و بر این اساس پیشنهادها و راه‌حل‌هایی برای اصلاح با تأکید بر شرایط اقتصادی، اجتماعی و حقوقی حاکم بر مدیریت منابع آب کشور ارائه می‌کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

A Review on the Role of the Water Market as a Management Approach with an Emphasis on the Situation in Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sepideh Zeraati Neyshabouri
  • Hossein Khozeymehnezhad
. Department of Water Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran.
چکیده [English]

The global increase in water demand, along with its limited and declining supply, has caused the water crisis to threaten almost all parts of the globe, making it one of the greatest challenges in the present century. It is predicted that if the current trend of exploitation of these resources continues, more than 21 percent of the world's population will be exposed to severe water stress by 2050. Therefore, most countries have tended to adopt new policies related to water demand management instead of water supply management, as well as developing market-based mechanisms as a sustainable, flexible, and efficient method in managing of water resources and redistributing it between different uses. However, the effective role of water markets in strengthening the use of very limited water resources, increasing opportunities to improve productivity and efficiency of its consumption is well understood. However, the ability of the market to efficiently and optimally allocate water depends on the establishment of special conditions, and the use of this method in Iran requires knowledge of the necessary conditions for the formation of a water market as well as its economic consequences. The present article introduces a new approach to demand-based water management with a review-analytical approach, explains the theoretical foundations of the water market, its concepts, and features, and explains the requirements for its implementation in practice, examines past experiences of the water market in Iran and the world, and, depicts its advantages and challenges, then proposes solutions for reform with emphasis on the economic, social, and legal conditions governing the management of the country's water resources.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Drought
  • Water Rights
  • Water Resources Management
  • Water Security

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مدیریت آب و آبیاری
دوره 12، شماره 4
بهمن 1401
صفحه 907-934

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