اثر کاربرد بیوچار بر عملکرد و بهره‌وری آب کاهو در شرایط کم‌آبیاری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران.

2 گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران.

چکیده

پژوهش حاضر به‌صورت آزمایش گلدانی به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر کاربرد بیوچار در شرایط تنش خشکی بر عملکرد و بهره‌وری آب در گیاه کاهو فرانسوی در گلخانه مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه زنجان اجرا شد. آزمایش به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار از آذرماه تا اسفندماه 1398 انجام گرفت. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل بیوچار در سه سطح (صفر (B0)، یک (B1) و دو (B2) درصد وزنی خاک) و آبیاری در دو سطح (70 (I70) و 100 (I100) درصد نیاز آبی) بود. نیاز آبی تیمار شاهد به روش وزنی تعیین شد. براساس یافته‌ها، کم‌آبیاری باعث کاهش معنی‌دار میانگین قطر تاج گیاه، میانگین قطر ساقه، میانگین ارتفاع گیاه، میانگین شاخص کلروفیل برگ، میانگین محتوای نسبی آب برگ و میانگین وزن تر گیاه (عملکرد) نسبت به تیمار شاهد (به‌ترتیب به میزان 0/8، 8/19، 1/26، 6/13، 20/6 و 1/21 درصد) شد. کاربرد یک و دو درصد بیوچار موجب افزایش معنی‌دار میانگین قطر تاج گیاه (1/13 و 8/7 درصد به‌ترتیب)، میانگین قطر ساقه (9/31 و 5/15 درصد به‌ترتیب)، میانگین ارتفاع گیاه (1/26 و 5/12 درصد به‌ترتیب)، شاخص کلروفیل برگ (به‌ترتیب 5/25 و 7/13 درصد)، میانگین محتوای نسبی آب برگ (به‌ترتیب 61/11 و 30/5 درصد)، میانگین وزن تر گیاه (عملکرد) (6/23 و 1/12 درصد به‌ترتیب) و بهره‌وری آب (به‌ترتیب 6/24 و 3/12 درصد) نسبت به B0 شد. براساس نتایج تأثیر متقابل تیمارهای آزمایش، بیش‌ترین و کم‌ترین میانگین بهره‌وری آب در تیمارهای I70B2 و I70B0 (به‌ترتیب 30/27 و 20/20 کیلوگرم بر مترمکعب) و میانگین عملکرد به‌ترتیب در تیمارهای I100B2 و I70B0 (54/15 و 39/10 تن در هکتار) بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Biochar Application on Lettuce Yield and Water Productivity in Deficit Irrigation Conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Jaefar Nikbakht 1
  • Arezoo Parvizi 1
  • Taher Barzegar 2
1 Department of Water Engineering, Agricultural Faculty, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.
2 Department of Horticultural Sciences, Agricultural Faculty, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.
چکیده [English]

This study was done as a pot experiment to investigate the effect of biochar applying in drought stress ‎conditions on yield and water productivity of French lettuce. It was carried out from November 2019 to ‎February 2020 in the greenhouse of Zanjan University Research Farm as a factorial experiment based on ‎randomized complete blocks design with three replications. The experimental treatments included biochar ‎at three levels (zero (B0), one (B1) and two (B2) percent w/w) and irrigation at two levels (70 (I70) and ‎‎100 (I100) percent of crop water requirement). The water requirements of the control treatment crops were ‎determined by weight method. Based on the results, application of deficit irrigation significantly reduced ‎means of plant canopy diameter, shoot dimeter, plant hight, chlorophyll content, relative water content and ‎plant wet mass (yield) compared to the control treatment (8.0, 19.8, 26.1, 13.6, 6.20 and 21.1 percent, ‎respectively). Application of one and two percent biochar significantly increased means of plant canopy ‎diameter (13.1 and 7.8 percent, respectively), shoot dimeter (31.9 and 15.5 percent, respectively), plant ‎hight (26.1 and 12.5 percent, respectively), chlorophyll content (25.5 and 13.7 percent, respectively), ‎relative water content (11.61 and 5.30 percent, respectively), plant wet mass (yield) (23.6 and 12.1 ‎percent, respectively) and water productivily (24.6 and 12.3 percent, respectively) compared to the control ‎treatment (B0). Based on the results of the treatments interaction effects, maximum and minimum mean of ‎water productivity were in I70B2 and I70B0 (27.30 and 20.02 kg.m-3, respectively) as well as in the yield ‎they were in I100B2 and I70B0 (15.54 and 10.39 t.ha-1, respectively).‎

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Drought stress
  • Irrigation water managment
  • Plant wet mass
  • Soil moiture content
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