ارزش گذاری اقتصادی آب

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسندگان

گروه مهندسی آب، فاضلاب و محیط زیست، دانشکده مهندسی عمران، آب و محیط زیست، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

ارزش­گذاری اقتصادی آب در تخصیص کارآمد منابع آب، اتخاذ سیاست­های مناسب و تصمیمات مؤثر، دارای نقش مهم و تعیین‌کننده­ای است. ادبیات کشور حاوی تعداد زیادی از مقالات و تلاش­های قابل‌توجه در زمینه ارزش­گذاری اقتصادی آب می­باشد. گستردگی و تنوع مطالعات موجود، ایجاب می‌نماید که با مروری بر کارهای پژوهشی انجام‌شده، چشم‌اندازی کلی از ارزش­گذاری­ اقتصادی آب در کشور، ارائه شود. در این مقاله سعی بر آن است تا با استخراج، دسته‌بندی و تحلیل مطالعات موجود در مورد ارزش‌گذاری آب در بخش‌های مختلف اقتصاد، به یک جمع­بندی در مورد روش­های رایج و سیاست‌های پیشنهادی در این مطالعات، نائل آید. به‌علاوه، در این کار تلاش شده است تا با نقد و بررسی شیوه­های به­کار گرفته‌شده، خلأهای مطالعاتی را شناسایی نموده و پیشنهادهایی برای پژوهش‌های آتی در زمینه ارزش­گذاری اقتصادی آب، ارائه شود. براساس جمع­بندی، افزایش قیمت آب در کلیه مصارف (صنعتی، شهری و کشاورزی) توصیه شده ­است. شرایط قیمت­گذاری مبتنی بر ارزش آب در مصارف صنعتی و شهری مهیاست و در بخش کشاورزی مستلزم حمایت دولت و توسعه فناوری است. ارزش اقتصادی خدمات اکوسیستمی وابسته به آب، در زمره بالاترین سطوح ارزش اقتصادی در استفاده‌های آب است. لذا توصیه شده است که حفظ جریان طبیعی در اکوسیستم­های آبی در اولویت تخصیص منابع قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Economic valuation of water

نویسندگان [English]

  • shahram ghobadi
  • Ali Moridi
Department of Water, Wastewater and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil, Water and Environmental Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Economic valuation of water has an important and decisive role in the efficient allocation of water resources, appropriate policies and effective decision-making. The literature of the country contains a large number of articles and significant efforts in the field of economic valuation of water. The extent and diversity of Published studies requires that a general overview of the economic valuation of water in the country be provided by reviewing these studies. In this article, by extracting, categorizing and analyzing the existing studies on water valuation in different sectors of the economy, we try to reach a general conclusion about the policies proposed and common methods in these studies. In addition, this paper attempts to identify study gaps by critique of the methods used and, finally, offers suggestions for future research in the field of water economic valuation. According to the summary, increasing the price of water in all uses, including industrial, urban and agricultural uses, is recommended. The conditions for water value-based pricing are available for industrial and urban use, and in the agricultural sector requires government support and technology development. The economic value of water-related ecosystem services is among the highest levels of economic value in water uses. Therefore, it is recommended that conservation of natural flow in aquatic ecosystems be a priority for resource allocation.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Resource Allocation
  • Valuation Methods
  • Water Economics
  • Water Market
  • Water Resources Management

مراجع

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مدیریت آب و آبیاری
دوره 13، شماره 1
فروردین 1402
صفحه 1-16

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