شناسایی عوامل مؤثر بر آلودگی نیترات آبخوان دشت اردبیل با استفاده از روش‌های آماری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران.

2 گروه مهندسی عمران، دانشکده مهندسی و فنآوری، دانشگاه مازندران، مازندران، ایران.

3 گروه مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه ازاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران.

4 دانشکده آبیاری و زهکشی، پردیس ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

نیترات یکی از آلاینده‌هایی است که در بیش‌تر آبخوان‌های کشور، آب زیرزمینی را تحت تأثیر قرار داده است. به‌منظور بررسی رفتار پارامترهای هیدروژئوشیمیایی آب زیرزمینی آبخوان دشت اردبیل از نتایج داده‌های کیفی 139 چاه که دارای اندازه‌گیری در دو فصل تر و خشک بودند طی سال آبی 1391-1390 استفاده شد. با استفاده از نرم‌افزار XLSTAT به شناسایی آلودگی و طبقه‌بندی نمونه‌ها به‌کمک روش تحلیل عاملی (PCA) و خوشه‌بندی سلسله‌مراتبی (HCA) پرداخته شد. روش تحلیل عاملی منجر به استخراج پنج عامل مؤثر بر کیفیت آب زیرزمینی با مجموع واریانس 09/68 درصد شد. هم‌چنین نتایج تحلیل‌ عاملی نشان داد که عامل‌های اول، چهارم و پنجم ناشی از فرایندهای زمین‌زاد و عامل‌های دوم و سوم ناشی از فرایندهای انسان‌زاد است. نتایج روش خوشه‌بندی سلسله‌مراتبی نمونه‌ها را در سه گروه که هر گروه دارای دو زیرمجموعه می‌باشد قرار داد. نمونه‌های مربوط به خوشه یک در بخش‌های شمال، شرق، جنوب و قسمت‌هایی از مرکز، غرب با کاربری اراضی- باغی، مرتع متوسط و مناطق دارای کشت دیم و هم‌چنین مناطق شهری گسترده شده است. نمونه‌های خوشه دوم اغلب در محدوده مرکزی، غرب و مناطق شهری آبخوان گسترده شده است که از لحاظ کاربری اراضی در مناطق با کاربری زراعی- باغی و مسکونی گسترده شده است. نمونه‌های خوشه سوم در نواحی جنوب‌غربی و مناطق شهری گسترش یافته است. به‌طور کلی وجود فرایندهای انحلال و تبادل یونی از یک طرف و هم‌چنین آبشویی کودهای کشاورزی و توسعه ناقص سیستم فاضلاب‌ در آبخوان از طرف دیگر زمینه را برای آلودگی آبخوان فراهم کرده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Identification of Factors Affecting Nitrate Contamination in Ardabil Plain Aquifer Using Statistical Methods

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mona Nemati 1
  • Mahmood Tabari 2
  • SEYED ABBAS Hosseini 3
  • saman Javadi 4
1 Department of Civil Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Technology and Engineering, University of Mazandaran, Mazandaran, Iran.
3 Department of Civil Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
4 Department of Irrigation and Drainage, College of Abouraihan, University of Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Nitrate is one of the pollutants that affects groundwater in most aquifers of the country. In order to investigate the behavior of hydrogeochemical parameters of groundwater in the Ardabil plain aquifer, the results of qualitative data of 139 wells that were measured in both wet and dry seasons during the water year 2012-2011 were used. Using XLSTAT software, contamination was identified and samples were classified using principal factor analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering (HCA). Factor analysis method led to the extraction of five factors affecting groundwater quality with a total variance of 68.09 percent. Also, the results of factor analysis showed that the first, fourth and fifth factors are due to geogenic processes and the second and third factors are due to anthropogenic processes. The results of the hierarchical clustering method divided the samples into three groups, each group having two subsets. The set related to cluster one is spread in the northern, eastern, southern and parts of the center, west by mix(agriculture-garden), medium pasture and dry farming as well as urban areas. The set of the second cluster is often spread in the central, western and urban areas of the aquifer, with mix(agriculture-garden) and residential areas. The set of third cluster has been expanded to southwestern and urban areas. Generally, the existence of dissolution and ion exchange processes on the one hand, as well as leaching of fertilizers and incomplete development of the sewage system in the aquifer on the other hand has provided the groundwater pollution.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Anthropogenic
  • Principal factor analysis
  • Clustering
  • Geogenic
  • Nitrate

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مدیریت آب و آبیاری
دوره 13، شماره 2
تیر 1402
صفحه 527-550

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