کارایی فنی مصرف آب در زیربخش زراعت ایران با استفاده از مدل ناپارامتریک تصادفی فراگیر داده‌ها

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 1. استادیار، گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکده مهندسی زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ایران.

2 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکده مهندسی زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ایران.

3 3. دانش‌آموخته دکتری، گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکده مهندسی زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ایران.

چکیده

از مهم‌ترین ابزارهای اقتصادی در ارتقاء بخش کشاورزی، استفاده بهینه از میزان نهاده‌ها به ویژه نهاده آب می‌باشد. کمبود آب و هزینه‌های سنگین تأمین آن، افزایش کارآیی و ارزش مصرف آب را به یکی از مهم‌ترین هدف‌های ملی مطرح نموده است. لذا این پژوهش با هدف بررسی کارآیی مصرف آب در زیربخش زراعت کشور صورت گرفته است. بدین منظور، از مدل ناپارامتریک تصادفی فراگیر داده‌ها (StoNED) استفاده شده است. داده‌های پژوهش شامل تولید ناخالص محصولات زراعی آبی، میزان مصرف آب، نیروی کار و نهاده‌های واسطه در زیربخش زراعت 30 استان کشور طی سال‌های 1394- 1384 می‌باشند که از سایت وزارت جهاد کشاورزی جمع‌آوری شده است. بر اساس نتایج به دست آمده، میانگین کارایی کل نهاده‌های تولیدی در زیربخش زراعت، برابر با 93/36 درصد و میانگین کارآیی آب آبیاری طی دوره مورد بررسی در این زیربخش برابر با 83/02 درصد بوده است (میانگین دوره‌ای). کارآیی آب آبیاری در تمام سال‌های مورد بررسی، کمتر از کارآیی کل نهاده‌های تولید بوده است. بنابراین با توجه به پایین بودن کارایی مصرف نهاده آب نسبت به دیگر نهاده‌های مصرفی، پیشنهاد می‌شود، کلاس‌های ترویجی در راستای آگاه سازی کشاورزان جهت استفاده درست و بهینه این نهاده صورت گیرد. همچنین نتایج این پژوهش نشان داده است که میانگین کارآیی آب استان‌های کشور در زیربخش زراعت برابر با 83/14 درصد بوده است (میانگین مقطعی) که استان‌های گیلان و قم به‌ترتیب بیشترین (87/76 درصد) و کمترین (85/81 درصد) میزان کارایی آب را طی دوره مورد بررسی داشته‌اند. لذا در راستای بهبود کارایی مصرف آب، پیشنهاد می­شود که در برنامه‌ریزی‌ کشت استان­های  با کارایی پایین آب شامل قم، ایلام، خراسان جنوبی، اردبیل، هرمزگان، سیستان و بلوچستان، بوشهر، کردستان، سمنان و خراسان شمالی، اقداماتی هم‌چون بهبود سیستم آبیاری محصولات زراعی و اصلاح الگوی کشت به سمت کشت محصولات کم‌آب‌بر و بهینه­سازی آن انجام گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of water consumption technical efficiency in Iran's agriculture sub-sector using Stochastic Nonparametric Envelopment of Data (StoNED)

نویسندگان [English]

  • somayeh shirzadi laskookalayeh 1
  • Parvin Ghaderi nejad 2
  • zahra nematollahi 3
1 Asistant Professor, Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University Sari, Iran.
2 Ph.D. Student, Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University Sari, Iran.
3 Ph.D. Graduated, Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University Sari, Iran.
چکیده [English]

One of the most important economic tools in promoting the agricultural sector is the optimal use of inputs, especially water inputs. Water scarcity and the high costs of providing it have made increasing the efficiency and value of water consumption one of the most important national goals. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the water use efficiency in the country's agriculture sub-sector. For this purpose, the non-parametric stochastic data model (StoNED) has been used. The research data include gross crop production, water consumption, labor and intermediate inputs in the agricultural sub-sector of 30 provinces of the country during the years 2005-2015, which has been collected from the website of the Ministry of Jihad Agriculture. Based on the results, the average efficiency of total production inputs in the agricultural sub-sector was equal to 93.36 percent and the average efficiency of irrigation water during the period under study in this sub-sector was equal to 83.02 percent (periodic average). Irrigation water efficiency in all years under study was less than the efficiency of total production inputs. Therefore, due to the low efficiency of water input consumption compared to other used inputs, it is suggested that extension courses be held to inform farmers in the field of correct and optimal use of water input. Also, the results of this study have shown that the average water efficiency of the provinces in the agricultural sub-sector has been equal to 83.14 percent (cross-sectional average) that the provinces of Gilan and Qom have the highest (87.76 percent) and the lowest (81.85 percent), respectively. Therefore, in order to improve water use efficiency, it is suggested that in the cultivation planning of provinces with low water efficiency, including Qom, Ilam, South Khorasan, Ardabil, Hormozgan, Sistan and Baluchestan, Bushehr, Kurdistan, Semnan and North Khorasan, Take actions such as Improving the irrigation system of crops and modifying the cultivation pattern towards cultivating low-water crops and optimizing it.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cultivation
  • Nonparametric stochastic model
  • Technical efficiency
  • Water

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مدیریت آب و آبیاری
دوره 12، شماره 1
فروردین 1401
صفحه 87-98

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