راهبرد مدیریت مشارکتی منابع آب با رویکرد تحلیل نهادی و کنش‌جمعی (اراضی پایاب سد سهند)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری اقتصاد، دانشکده اقتصاد و مدیریت، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران.

2 استاد گروه اقتصاد، دانشکده اقتصاد و مدیریت، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران.

3 استاد قطب هیدروانفورماتیک دانشکده مهندسی عمران و پژوهشکده محیط زیست دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران، هیات علمی مدعو پژوهشکده سیاست‌گذاری دانشگاه صنعتی شریف.

چکیده

آثار شش دهه مداخلات گسترده دولت در حوزه مدیریت منابع آب، بر سازوکارهای نظام بهره‌برداری از منابع آب، بسیار نامناسب و در مواردی غیرقابل جبران ارزیابی می‌شود. ازاین‌رو در سال‌های اخیر انتقالِ مفهومی از تمرکز بر دولت به سوی مفهوم حکمرانی آب و استفاده از تمام ظرفیت‌های اجتماعی جهت پیشبرد امورعمومی مطرح شده‌است. مطالعه حاضر با استفاده از چارچوب تحلیل و توسعه نهادی (IAD) استروم به ارزیابی سیستم مدیریت منابع آب در پایاب سد سهند پرداخته‌است. اطلاعات مورد نیاز از طریق اسناد، مشاهده و مصاحبه با 25 نفر از افراد مرتبط گردآوری شده‌است. اطلاعات بدست آمده با روش تحلیل محتوا تجزیه و تحلیل شده و نتایج در قالب الگوی مذکور تفسیر گردیده‌است. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد به دلیل معیشتی بودن کشاورزی در منطقه و وابستگی شدید به منابع آب، پدیده سواری مجانی دارای جذابیت بالایی است؛ همچنین نظارت ناکارآمد، نبود مکانیسم مجازات متناسب و بازدارنده، سبب تحمیل خسارت‌ از ناحیه افرادی که همکاری نمی‌کنند به افرادی که همکاری می‌کنند شده و در نهایت منجر به افزایش انگیزه برای ارتکاب تخلف می‌شود. جذابیت سواری مجانی و افزایش انگیزه ارتکاب تخلف، عملکرد سیستم منابع آب این شبکه را در جهت دستیابی به کنش‌جمعی، تضعیف کرده‌است. بر همین اساس، توانمندسازی جامعه محلی و تعاونی‌های آب‌بران از حیث قدرت قانونی و مشروعیت بخشیدن به فعالیت آن‌ها، مشارکت جامعه محلی در تصمیم‌گیری‌ها به منظور افزایش قابلیت اجرایی سیاست‌ها و افزایش حس مسئولیت‌پذیری در آنها، اصلاح قوانین در حوزه‌های نظارت و مجازات بازدارنده متخلفین را‌ می‌توان به عنوان توصیه‌های سیاستی مطالعه حاضر مطرح کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Participatory Water Resources Management Strategy: Institutional Analysis and Collective Action Approach (Sahand Dam Downstream)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fahmideh Ghorbani 1
  • Davood Behboudi 2
  • Mahdi Zarghami 3
1 Ph.D. Student, Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Management, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
2 Professor, Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Management, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
3 Professor of Hydro informatics, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Research Institute, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran, Invited faculty, Policy Research Institute, Sharif University of Technology.
چکیده [English]

After about six decades of widespread government interventions, the effects of these measures on the current mechanisms of the water resources management system are undesirable and in some cases, irreversible. Therefore, in recent years, there has been a shift from the focus on the state to a concept of governance, as a system of power distribution, participation, and the use of all social capacities to advance public affairs. One of the frameworks in this regard is the Institutional Analysis and Development framework (IAD), established by Strom. This study, used the IAD framework to evaluate the water resources management system in the irrigation and drainage network of the Sahand dam downstream. The required information was collected through valid documents, observation and interviewing 25 people, including users, managers of water cooperatives and experts of related government organizations. The information obtained through interviews as well as the available documents were analyzed by content analysis method and the results were interpreted in the form of IAD framework. Findings show that due to the subsistence of agriculture in the study area and strong dependence on water resources, free riding in the area interests many; Moreover, inefficient monitoring, and the lack of a proportionate and deterrent punishment mechanism, increase the motivation for infringement. The attraction of the free riding and increasing the motivation to commit violations has weakened the performance of the water resources system of the Sahand Dam downstream network in order to achieve collective action. Accordingly, empowering the local community and water cooperatives in terms of legal power and legitimizing their presence and activities, the participation of the local community in policy decisions to increase the enforceability of policies and Increasing the sense of responsibility in the local community, reforming the laws in the areas of supervision, and deterrent punishment of violators can be considered as policy recommendations of the present study.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Institutional analysis and development framework
  • Irrigation and drainage network
  • Social capacities
  • Water resources governance
  1. Aggarwal, V. & Ce Dric, D. (1999). Goods, Games and institutional. International Political Science Review, 20, 393-409.
  2. Anderson, K. P. (2002). Can Decentralization Save Bolivia's Forests? An institutional Analysis of Municipal Forest Governance. Global Governance Project. Potsdam Institute for Climate impact research. Germany
  3. Anderson, Krister. P. (2004). Who talks with whom? The Role of Repeated Interactions in Decentralized Forest Governance. World development, 32, 233-249.
  4. Baland, J., & Platteau, J. P. (1996). Halting degradation of natural resources: Is there a role for rural communities. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. UK: Oxford University.
  5. Bayati Khatibi, M. (2007). Investigating the effect of Sahand dam on changing the morphology of Qarnaqo river bed. on its erosion and sedimentation characteristics Case study: Qarnaqo chay basin, eastern slopes of Sahand mountain, Geography and Developmen, 11,199-220. (In Persian).
  6. Chowdhury, K., & Behera, B. (2021). Institutional dynamics and water resources management: the case of traditional water bodies in West Bengal, India. International Journal of water resources development, 1-25
  7. Dietz, T., Ostrom, E., & Stern, P. (2003). The Struggle to govern the commons. Science,302,1907-1912.
  8. Gabriela, P. -Q., & Nathan, P. H. (2021). Lessons from local governance and collective action efforts to manage irrigation withdrawals in Kansas. Agricultural Water Management, 247.
  9. Gordillo, G., & Krister, A. (2004). From Policy Lessons to Policy Actions: Motivation to talk Evaluation Seriously. Public Administration and Development,24,305-320.
  10. Hanson, S., Jupille, J., Olson, D., & Weingast, B. (2004). Margaret Levi: Institutions, Individuals. Organizations and Trust in Democratic Regimes. Political Science & Politics, 37 (4), 895-898. Doi: 10.1017/s1049096504045391.
  11. Hardin, G. (1968). The tragedy of the commons, New York.
  12. Hemmati, M., Shahnazi, M., Ahmadi, H.,  & Salari Jezi, M. (2016). Determining the flood-prone areas of Qarnaqo watershed using Madclark and GIS hydrological model, Quarterly Journal of Irrigation and Water Engineering,28,65-80. (In Persian).
  13. Heydari, A., & Moghimi, E. (2007). Geomorphology and systemic management of the river Case study: Qarnaqo Basin to Sahand Dam (Hashtrood). Journal of Geography, Fifth Year,14,119-137. (In Persian).
  14. Kalantari, O. A., & Namaki, M. (2018). Evaluation of population distribution pattern and vulnerability in watersheds using spatial information system (GIS). Journal of Surveying Science and Technology,3,1-20. (In Persian).
  15. Khabbaz Rahimi, P. (2015). Collective Action in Natural Resources management: Study of Ostrom Principles in Mojnen Irrigation Company and Mahbour Abbaran Cooperative in Isfahan. M.Sc. Thesis, University of Isfahan, Iran. (In Persian).
  16. Noori, F., Veysi, H., & Mirzaei, R. (2018). Changes in land use and ecological services in the area of Sahand Dam using remote sensing technique. Environmental Science,1, 207-224. (In Persian)
  17. Oakerson, R. J. (1981). Erosion of Public goods: The case of Coal- Haul Roads in Eastern Kentucky. Research in Public Policy Analysis and Management, 2, 73-102.
  18. Olson, M. (1965). Th e Logic of Collective Action. Public Goods and the Theory of Groups. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
  19. Ostrom, E. (2005). Understanding Institutional Diversity. Princeton, New Jersey.
  20. Ostrom, E., & Hess, C. (2007). Understanding Knowledge as a Commons: from Theory to Practice. Cambridge: Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
  21. Ostrom, E. (2000). Collective Action and the Evolution of Social Norms. Journal of Economic Perspectives,3,137-158.
  22. Ostrom, E., Roy, G., & Walker, J. (1994). Rules, Games and common- pool resources. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
  23. Parliamentary Research Center. (2017). Investigating the condition of dams and dam construction performance in Iran. Deputy of Infrastructure Research and Production Affairs. (In Persian).
  24. Prasad, N. (2008). Social Policies and private sector participation in water supply beyond regulation. New York: United Nation Publication.
  25. Saleth, R. M. (1999). Water Challenge and Institutional Resources. Policy Research Working Papers. WPS/2045, Washington DC, World Bank.
  26. Schumann, W. (2002). Institutional reform in the irrigation sector: The case of Turkey and Pakistan. Bonn: Reforming for sustainable water management publication.
  27. Talebi, E. S.,, & Mirnezami, S. J. (2020). Transition from Madness: A Study of the Formation and Continuity of a Self-Regulatory System. Iranian Water Management Institute. (In Persian).
  28. Wynne, S. G. (1989). The land boards of Botswana: A Problem in Institutional design. Ph.D. dissertation, Indiana University.