بررسی میزان مصرف آب و انرژی در سطح مزارع شبکه آبیاری قزوین

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مهندسی آب، پردیس ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران، ایران.

2 استادیار -گروه مهندسی آب، پردیس ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران

3 دانشیار گروه مهندسی آب، پردیس ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران

4 دانشیار گروه مهندسی آب ، پردیس ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

یکی از مصرف­کنندگان عمده دو منبع آب و انرژی، بخش کشاورزی بوده و ارزیابی عملکرد سامانه­های آبیاری با هدف تعیین میزان استفاده کارآمد این دو منبع از اولویت­های کشاورزی پایدار است. در این راستا، پژوهش حاضر اقدام به تحلیل میزان مصرف آب و انرژی در سطح شبکه آبیاری قزوین نموده است. برای این منظور، ابتدا الگوی کشت غالب منطقه موردمطالعه استخراج و سپس برای محصولات موجود در الگوی کشت با استفاده از نرم­افزار CropWat 8.0، نیاز آبی برآورد شد. برای برآورد انرژی مصرفی، میزان مصرف انرژی در سامانه­های آبیاری بارانی و قطره­ای، پمپاژ آب زیرزمینی، سوخت دیزل، نیروی کارگر، بذر، ماشین‌آلات (تراکتور و کمباین)، کودهای شیمیایی و سموم برای هر محدوده زراعی درجه دو موجود در شبکه آبیاری محاسبه شد. نتایج نشان داد که بیش‌ترین انرژی مصرفی در تمامی محدوده­های زراعی درجه دو در مصرف مستقیم انرژی مربوط به سوخت دیزل با 40 درصد از کل انرژی مصرفی و در مصرف غیر­مستقیم انرژی متعلق به کود نیتروژن با 20 درصد از کل انرژی مصرفی است. هم‌چنین، در انرژی مصرفی برای پمپاژ آب در سامانه­های آبیاری در ارتفاعات مختلف لازم برای پمپاژ برای محصولات موجود در الگوی کشت غالب، یونجه بیش‌ترین انرژی با مقدار 4/4811 کیلووات ساعت در هکتار و ذرت کم‌ترین انرژی را با مقدار 19/1194 کیلووات ساعت در هکتار مصرف کرده است. باتوجه به نتایج، میزان تأثیر سوخت دیزل، کودهای شیمیایی و پمپاژ آب در مصرف انرژی بالا بوده و کنترل میزان مصرف این نهاده­ها باعث کاهش به‌سزایی در مصرف انرژی خواهد شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of Water and Energy Consumption in Qazvin Irrigation Network Farms

نویسندگان [English]

  • Vahid Ashori 1
  • Seyyed Ebrahim Hashemi Garmdareh 2
  • S. Mehdy Hashemy Shahdany 3
  • Abbas Roozbahani 4
1 Department of Water Engineering, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Iran.
2 Assistant Prof., Department of Water Engineering,- College of Aburaihan , University of Tehran
3 Associate Prof., Department of Water Engineering, College of Aburaihan , University of Tehran
4 Associate Prof., Department of Water Engineering, College of Aburaihan , University of Tehran
چکیده [English]

One of the major consumers of water and energy sources is agriculture and evaluating the performance of irrigation systems to determine the efficient use of these two sources is one of the priorities of sustainable agriculture. In this regard, the present study has conducted a spatial analysis of water and energy consumption in Qazvin irrigation network. For this purpose, first, the dominant cropping pattern of the study area was extracted and then the water requirement was estimated for the products in the cropping pattern using CropWat 8.0 software. To estimate energy consumption, energy consumption in the sprinkler and drip irrigation systems, groundwater pumping, diesel fuel, labor, seeds, machinery (tractors and combines), chemical fertilizers, and pesticides for each available secondary field in the irrigation network was calculated. The results showed that the highest energy consumption in all secondary farms indirect energy consumption is related to diesel fuel with 40% of total energy consumption and in indirect energy consumption belongs to nitrogen fertilizer with 20% of total energy consumption. Also, in the energy used to pump water in irrigation systems at different heads required for pumping for crops in the dominant cropping pattern, alfalfa consumed the most energy with a value of 4811.44 Kwh / ha and corn consumed the least energy with a value of 1194.19 Kwh / ha. According to the results, the impact of diesel fuel, chemical fertilizers, and water pumping on energy consumption are high, thus controlling the consumption of these inputs would significantly reduce energy consumption.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Performance evaluation
  • Energy
  • Irrigation systems
  • Crop area

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مدیریت آب و آبیاری
دوره 13، شماره 2
تیر 1402
صفحه 295-310

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