ارزیابی عملکرد سامانه‌های آبیاری نوین در شهرستان همدان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استاد، گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران.

2 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران.

3 استادیار، گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران.

4 استادیار، بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان کرمانشاه، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرمانشاه، ایران.

چکیده

ارزیابی عملکرد سامانه‌های آبیاری تحت فشار یکی از راه‌کارهای مهم به‌منظور مدیریت مصرف آب در مزرعه می‌باشد. در این پژوهش پنج سامانه آبیاری بارانی، پنج سامانه قطره‌ای و دو سامانه نواری‌قطره‌ای به‌منظور ارزیابی فنی و هیدرولیکی در اراضی کشاورزی شهرستان همدان انتخاب شدند. ارزیابی‌ها براساس روش‌ مریام و کلر انجام شد. شاخص‌های مورد اندازه‌گیری برای سامانه‌های بارانی شامل ضریب یکنواختی کریستیانسن (CU)، یکنواختی توزیع (DU)، راندمان پتانسیل کاربرد آب (PELQ) و راندمان واقعی کاربرد آب در ربع پایین (AELQ) بود. شاخص‌های مورد اندازه‌گیری برای سامانه‌های قطره‌ای نیز شامل ضریب یکنواختی (EU)، ضریب کاهش راندمان (ERF)، راندمان پتانسیل کاربرد آب در ربع پایین و راندمان واقعی کاربرد آب در ربع پایین بود. مقدار شاخص‌‌های CU، DU، PELQ و AELQ برای سامانه‌های بارانی به‌ترتیب در دامنه 1/80- 6/65، 4/65- 1/53، 7/55- 1/31 و 5/52- 3/28 درصد حاصل شد. در سامانه‌های قطره‌ای نیز مقادیر EU، ERF، PELQ و AELQ در دامنه 7/65- 4/43، 3/1- 8/0، 1/59- 1/39 و 0/73- 0/34 درصد به‌دست آمد. نتایج نشان داد در تمامی سامانه‌ها، راندمان‌های مورد بررسی کمتر از حد انتظار بود که از جمله دلایل این امر می‌توان به طراحی نامناسب، متفاوت بودن سامانه اجرا شده با سامانه طراحی شده، تاثیرگذاری عوامل اقلیمی نظیر سرعت باد، مشکلات بهره‌برداری نظیر عدم اهمیت کشاورزان به تنظیم فشار، استفاده از لوازم نامناسب و عدم بازبینی‌های دوره‌ای به‌دلیل سطح پایین آگاهی، عدم آموزش و نارسایی‌های اقتصادی اشاره نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Performance evaluation of new irrigation systems in Hamedan

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hamid Zare Abyaneh 1
  • Aazam Danaii 2
  • Samira Akhavan 3
  • Mehdi Jovzi 4
1 Professor, Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
2 Graduated Master Student, Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
4 Assistant Professor, Soil and Water Research Department, Kermanshah Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Kermanshah, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Evaluating the performance of pressurized irrigation systems is one of the important strategies for managing farm water consumption. In this study, 5 sprinkler irrigation systems, 5 drip irrigation systems and 2 tape drip irrigation systems were selected for technical and hydraulic evaluation in agricultural lands of Hamedan. Evaluations were based on the Merriam and Keller method. Measured indices for sprinkler irrigation systems included Christiansen uniformity coefficient (CU), distribution uniformity (DU), potential application efficiency of low quarter (PELQ) and application efficiency of low quarter (AELQ). Also, Indicators measured for drip irrigation systems included uniformity factor (EU), efficiency reduction factor (ERF), potential application efficiency of low quarter and application efficiency of low quarter. The values of CU, DU, PELQ and AELQ for sprinkler irrigation systems were 65.6-80.1, 53.1-65.4, 31.1-55.7 and 28.3-52.5 percent, respectively. Also, the values of EU, ERF, PELQ and AELQ for drip irrigation systems were obtained in the range of 43.4 to 65.7, 0.8 to 1.3, 39.1 to 59.1 and 34.0 to 73.0 percent respectively. The results showed that in all systems the efficiencies under study were lower than expected, which can be attributed to improper design, the difference between the implemented system and the designed system, the impact of climatic factors such as high wind speed, operational problems such as the lack of adjust pressure by farmers, the use of inappropriate equipment and the lack of periodic reviews due to low levels of awareness, the lack of education and economic failures.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Distribution uniformity
  • Efficiency
  • Evaluation of drip irrigation
  • Evaluation of sprinkler irrigation

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مدیریت آب و آبیاری
دوره 10، شماره 3
دی 1399
صفحه 381-395

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