بررسی تأثیر کم‌آبیاری بر توزیع ریشه و رشد رویشی گیاه رزماری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، آّبیاری و زهکشی، گروه مهندسی آب، دانشگاه زابل

2 دانشیار، گروه مهندسی آب، دانشگاه زابل

3 استاد، گروه فارماکوکنوزی، دانشکده داروسازی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کرمان

4 دانشیار، گروه بیوتکنولوژی، پژوهشگاه علوم و تکنولوژی پیشرفته و علوم محیطی، دانشگاه تحصیلات تکمیلی صنعتی و فناوری پیشرفته کرمان

چکیده

به‌منظور ارزیابی نحوه توزیع ریشه و رشد اندام هوایی گیاه دارویی رزماری (Rosmarinus officinalis L.)، آزمایشی در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در شرایط استفاده از سیستم آبیاری قطره‌ای زیرسطحی در سال زراعی 1395 اجرا شد. در این مطالعه پنج تیمار آبیاری کامل (تأمین 100 درصد رطوبت خاک تا حد ظرفیت زراعی)، کم‌آبیاری تنظیم شده و آبیاری ناقص ریشه هر کدام در دو سطح 75 و 55 درصد آبیاری کامل، مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که اعمال کم‌آبیاری در سطوح 75 و 55 درصد آبیاری کامل باعث صرفه‌جویی به‌ترتیب 1/17 و 6/32 درصدی در مصرف آب شد. مقایسه دو تیمار آبیاری کامل و تأمین 75 درصد آبیاری کامل اعمال شده در آبیاری ناقص ریشه باعث کاهش 3/5 درصدی وزن خشک اندام هوایی، 8/9 درصدی ارتفاع بوته و 9/8 درصدی تعداد شاخه زایا شد. این در حالی بو که توسعه مناسب ریشه گیاه در سطح تأمین 75 درصد آبیاری کامل اعمال شده در آبیاری ناقص ریشه، افزایش 8/12 درصدی بهره‌وری آب، 3/7 درصدی وزن تر ریشه، 7/2 درصدی طول ریشه و 7/10 درصدی حجم ریشه را نسبت به تیمار آبیاری کامل در پی داشت. لذا با در نظر گرفتن مسائل مربوط به کمبود آب، می‌توان سطح تأمین 75 درصد آبیاری کامل در شرایط آبیاری ناقص ریشه، را به‌عنوان تیمار برتر و راهکار مناسب برای مقابله با بحران آب، برای حرکت به سمت یک سامانه کشاورزی پایدار توصیه نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation the effect of deficit irrigation on root distribution and vegetative growth of Rosmarinus Officinalis L.

نویسندگان [English]

  • rasoul Asadi 1
  • Farzad Hassan Pour 2
  • mitra mehrabani 3
  • amin baghizadeh 4
  • fateme karandish 2
1 PhD student, Water Engineering Department, Faculty of Water and Soil, Zabol University
2 Associate Professor, Water Engineering Department, Faculty of Water and Soil, Zabol University
3 Department of Pharmacognozy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
4 Associate Professor, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology
چکیده [English]

In order to investigation the root distribution and plant growth of Rosmarinus Officinalis L., an experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications under using subsurface irrigation system in 2016. In this study treatments are full irrigation (FI), regulated deficit (RDI75 and RDI55) and partial root zone drying irrigation (PRD75 and PRD55). The results showed that deficit irrigation at 75 and 55 percent of full irrigation resulted in saving 17.1 and 32.6 percent water consumption respectively. Comparison of FI and PRD75 showed that dry weight, height of plants and number of shoots per plant decreased 5.3, 9.8 and 8.9 percent respectively. However, proper development of root in PRD75 increased 12.8 percent of water productivity, 7.3 percent of root fresh weight, 2.7 percent of root depth and 10.7 percent of root volume. Therefore, considering the problems of water scarcity, it is possible to provide PRD75 as a superior treatment and a suitable strategy to cope with the water crisis, to move towards a sustainable agricultural system.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Drip Irrigation Systems
  • Drought stress
  • Medicinal plant
  • Partial Root- zone Drying
  • Root development

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مدیریت آب و آبیاری
دوره 8، شماره 2
مهر 1397
صفحه 289-301

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