ادراک کشاورزان از ارزش اقتصادی آب و تأثیر آن بر انتخاب روش‌های آبیاری، مطالعه موردی: بخش مرکزی شهرستان ماه نشان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

گروه جغرافیا، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران.

10.22059/jwim.2025.400002.1250

چکیده

آب به‌عنوان منبعی حیاتی در کشاورزی پایدار، به‌ویژه در مناطق خشک مانند بخش مرکزی شهرستان ماه‌نشان، نقش کلیدی دارد. این پژوهش توصیفی-تحلیلی با رویکرد همبستگی، ادراک کشاورزان از ارزش اقتصادی آب و تأثیر آن بر انتخاب روش‌های آبیاری را بررسی کرد. جامعه آماری شامل 1451 کشاورز از 14 روستای منتخب از میان 56 روستا و در سال 1404 بود که با روش نمونه‌گیری خوشه‌ای تصادفی و فرمول کوکران، 306 نفر انتخاب شدند. داده‌ها از طریق پرسشنامه با روایی محتوا و پایایی (آلفای کرونباخ 79/0) جمع‌آوری و با استفاده از ضریب همبستگی پیرسون/اسپیرمن، رگرسیون چندگانه و تحلیل واریانس تجزیه‌وتحلیل شدند. یافته‌ها نشان داد 4/64 درصد کشاورزان از روش‌های سنتی، 7/13 درصد از روش‌های مدرن و 9/21 درصد از روش‌های ترکیبی استفاده می‌کنند. روش‌های مدرن با مصرف آب کم‌تر (4200 مترمکعب/هکتار) و عملکرد بالاتر (3900 کیلوگرم/هکتار) کارایی بیش‌تری دارند. ادراک ارزش اقتصادی آب (میانگین 4.10 برای درک اهمیت آب) و تحصیلات (35/0=β) تأثیر معنی‌داری بر پذیرش روش‌های مدرن دارند، اما موانع مالی (3/72 درصد) و زیرساختی (7/58 درصد) مانع پذیرش هستند. نتیجه‌گیری کلی نشان می‌دهد تقویت آگاهی، آموزش و سیاست‌های حمایتی می‌تواند به بهبود مدیریت آب و پایداری کشاورزی کمک کند. پیشنهاد می‌شود آموزش، یارانه مالی و توسعه زیرساخت دیجیتال برای ترویج آبیاری قطره‌ای و پایداری کشاورزی تقویت شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Perception of Farmers Regarding the Economic Value of Water and Its Impact on the Selection of Irrigation Methods: A Case Study of the Central District of Mahneshan CountyAbstract

نویسنده [English]

  • mehdi cheraghi
Department of Geography, Faculty of Humanities, University of zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Water, as a vital resource for sustainable agriculture, plays a key role, especially in arid regions like the Central District of Mahneshan County. This descriptive-analytical correlational study investigated farmers' perception of the economic value of water and its impact on their selection of irrigation methods. The statistical population consisted of 1451 farmers from 14 selected villages (out of 56 villages) in 2025-2026. Using random cluster sampling and the Cochran formula, a sample of 306 individuals was selected. Data were collected via a questionnaire with confirmed content validity and reliability (Cronbach's alpha=0.79) and analyzed using Pearson/Spearman correlation coefficients, multiple regression, and ANOVA. The findings revealed that 64.4% of farmers use traditional methods, 13.7% use modern methods, and 21.9% use combined methods. Modern methods demonstrated higher efficiency with lower water consumption (4200 m³/hectare) and higher yield (3900 kg/hectare). Perception of the economic value of water (mean score of 4.10 for the importance of water) and education level (β=0.35) had a significant impact on the adoption of modern methods. However, financial (72.3%) and infrastructural (58.7%) constraints were major barriers to adoption. The overall conclusion indicates that enhancing awareness, education, and supportive policies can contribute to improved water management and agricultural sustainability. It is recommended to strengthen training, financial subsidies, and digital infrastructure development to promote drip irrigation and agricultural sustainability.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Irrigation Methods
  • Sustainable Agriculture
  • Farmers' Perception
  • Digital Technology
  • Zanjan Province

مراجع

  1. Baljon, M. (2023). Revolutionizing Saudi Arabia’s Agriculture: The IoT Transformation of Water Management. Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology, 36(1), 217–240. https://doi.org/10.37934/araset.36.1.217240.
  2. Birhanu, B. Z., Thai, M., Kizito, F., Traore, S. S., & Sanogo, K. (2023). Solar-based irrigation systems as a game changer to improve agricultural practices in sub-Sahara Africa: A case study from Mali. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2023.1085335.
  3. Boopathi, S. (2024). Sustainable Development Using IoT and AI Techniques for Water Utilization in Agriculture (pp. 204–228). igi global. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-1722-8.ch012.
  4. Boufous, S., Carpio, C., & Hudson, D. (2023). Farmers’ willingness to adopt sustainable agricultural practices: A meta-analysis. PLOS Sustainability and Transformation, 2(1), e0000037. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pstr.0000037.
  5. Fang, L., Zhang, L., Yu, Y., & Wu, F. (2020). Irrigation technology and water rebound in China’s agricultural sector. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 24(5), 1088–1100. https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.13001.
  6. Fishman, R., Giné, X., & Jacoby, H. G. (2023). Efficient irrigation and water conservation: Evidence from South India. Journal of Development Economics, 162, 103051. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2023.103051.
  7. Gashu, M. Y., Mesfin, D., & Dessie, T. A. (2025). Farmer perceptions toward the adoption of agroforestry practices: a case study of northwestern Ethiopia. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2025.1512761.
  8. Guno, C. S., & Agaton, C. B. (2022). Socio-Economic and Environmental Analyses of Solar Irrigation Systems for Sustainable Agricultural Production. Sustainability, 14(11), 6834. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14116834.
  9. hao, X., Zhu, A. L., Liu, X., Li, H., Tao, H., Guo, X., & Liu, J. (2025). Current status, challenges, and opportunities for sustainable crop production in Xinjiang. IScience, 28(4), 112114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2025.112114.
  10. Hashemi, S.-Z., Darzi-Naftchali, A., Karandish, F., Ritzema, H., & Solaimani, K. (2024). Enhancing agricultural sustainability with water and crop management strategies in modern irrigation and drainage networks. Agricultural Water Management, 305, 109110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2024.109110.
  11. Hatami, A., Farokhzadeh, B., & Bazrafshan, O. (2025). Water footprint and stress index assessment in Mediterranean agriculture. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 197(3). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-025-13687-2.
  12. Kassaye, K. T., Yilma, W. A., Fisha, M. H., & Haile, D. H. (2020). Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Potato under Alternate Furrows and Deficit Irrigation. International Journal of Agronomy, 2020, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8869098.
  13. Kumar, J., Chawla, R., Sahoo, S., Katiyar, D., Ali, A., Chouriya, A., Nath, D., & Singh, B. V. (2023). Optimizing Irrigation and Nutrient Management in Agriculture through Artificial Intelligence Implementation. International Journal of Environment and Climate Change, 13(10), 4016–4022. https://doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i103077.
  14. Lv, C., Wu, Z., Gu, C., Guo, X., Li, Y., Li, H., & Ling, M. (2021). An Innovative Emergy Quantification Method for Eco-economic Compensation for Agricultural Water Rights Trading. Water Resources Management, 35(3), 775–792. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-020-02717-y.
  15. Maharjan, K. L., Singh, M., & Gonzalvo, C. M. (2024). Farmer Perspectives on the Economic, Environmental, and Social Sustainability of Environmental Conservation Agriculture (ECA) in Namobuddha Municipality, Kavre, Nepal. mdpi ag. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202404.0467.v1.
  16. Mboyerwa, P., Kibret, K., Mtakwa, P., & Aschalew, A. (2021). Evaluation of Growth, Yield, and Water Productivity of Paddy Rice with Water-Saving Irrigation and Optimization of Nitrogen Fertilization. Agronomy, 11(8), 1629. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11081629.
  17. Mirra, L., Borrello, M., & Russo, S. (2024). Exploring Factors Shaping Farmer Behavior in Wastewater Utilization for Agricultural Practices: A Rapid Review. Sustainability, 16(7), 2870. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16072870.
  18. Morepje, M. T., Agholor, I. A., Mgwenya, L. I., Thabane, V. N., Sithole, M. Z., & Msweli, N. S. (2024). Examining the Barriers to Redesigning Smallholder Production Practices for Water-Use Efficiency in Numbi, Mbombela Local Municipality, South Africa. Water, 16(22), 3221. https://doi.org/10.3390/w16223221.
  19. Morepje, M. T., Agholor, I. A., Thabane, V. N., Sithole, M. Z., Mgwenya, L. I., & Msweli, N. S. (2024). An Analysis of the Acceptance of Water Management Systems among Smallholder Farmers in Numbi, Mpumalanga Province, South Africa. Sustainability, 16(5), 1952. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16051952.
  20. Multsch, S., Barretto, A. G. O. P., Pahlow, M., Krol, M. S., De Jong Van Lier, Q., Assunção, A. L. C., & Breuer, L. (2020). Assessment of potential implications of agricultural irrigation policy on surface water scarcity in Brazil. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 24(1), 307–324. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-307-2020.
  21. Muzammil, M., Breuer, L., & Zahid, A. (2020). Water Resources Management Strategies for Irrigated Agriculture in the Indus Basin of Pakistan. Water, 12(5), 1429. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12051429.
  22. Nepal, S., Neupane, N., Koirala, S., Lautze, J., Shrestha, R. N., Bhatt, D., Shrestha, N., Adhikari, M., Kaini, S., Karki, S., Yangkhurung, J. R., Gnawali, K., Singh Pradhan, A. M., Timsina, K., Pradhananga, S., & Khadka, M. (2024). Integrated assessment of irrigation and agriculture management challenges in Nepal: An interdisciplinary perspective. Heliyon, 10(9), e29407. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29407.
  23. Nikolaou, G., Christou, A., Neocleous, D., Katsoulas, N., & Kitta, E. (2020). Implementing Sustainable Irrigation in Water-Scarce Regions under the Impact of Climate Change. Agronomy, 10(8), 1120. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10081120.
  24. Nikolaou, G., Kitta, E., Christou, A., Neocleous, D., Katsoulas, N., & Polycarpou, P. (2021). Energy and Water Related Parameters in Tomato and Cucumber Greenhouse Crops in Semiarid Mediterranean Regions. A Review, Part II: Irrigation and Fertigation. Horticulturae, 7(12), 548. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7120548.
  25. Nyam, Y. S., Ogundeji, A. A., Turton, A. R., Kotir, J. H., & Jordaan, A. J. (2020). Drivers of change in sustainable water management and agricultural development in South Africa: a participatory approach. Sustainable Water Resources Management, 6(4). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40899-020-00420-9.
  26. Padhiary, M., Kumar, K., Sahu, B., Prasad, G., & Hoque, A. (2025). Precision Agriculture and AI-Driven Resource Optimization for Sustainable Land and Resource Management (pp. 197–232). igi global. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-8074-1.ch009.
  27. Parmaksiz, O., & Cinar, G. (2023). Technology Acceptance among Farmers: Examples of Agricultural Unmanned Aerial Vehicles. Agronomy, 13(8), 2077. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13082077.
  28. Rastegari, H., Nooripoor, M., Sharifzadeh, M., & Petrescu, D. C. (2023). Drivers and barriers in farmers’ adoption of vermicomposting as keys for sustainable agricultural waste management. International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/14735903.2023.2230826.
  29. Rosa, L., D’Odorico, P., Rulli, M. C., Dell’Angelo, J., & Chiarelli, D. D. (2020). Global agricultural economic water scarcity. Science Advances, 6(18). https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaz6031.
  30. Natarajan, S.K., Gowsalya, R., Kathirvelan, P., Venkatachalam, S.R., JayaPrabhavathi, S., Elankavi, S., Bhuvaneswari, J., Sampathkumar, T., Satheesh Kumar, N., & Pazhalanivelan, S. (2025). Impact of Alternate Wetting and Drying Irrigation (AWDI) on Water Saving and Yield of Transplanted Rice. Journal of Experimental Agriculture International, 47(1), 451–460. https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2025/v47i13244.
  31. Salem, H. S., Yihdego, Y., & Muhammed, H. H. (2020). The status of freshwater and reused treated wastewater for agricultural irrigation in the Occupied Palestinian Territories. Journal of Water and Health, 19(1), 120–158. https://doi.org/10.2166/wh.2020.216.
  32. Shano, B. K., & Waje, S. S. (2024). Understanding the heterogeneous effect of microcredit access on agricultural technology adoption by rural farmers in Ethiopia: A meta-analysis. Heliyon, 10(16), e35859. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35859.
  33. Slater, Y., Kan, I., Finkelshtain, I., & Reznik, A. (2020). Large‐Scale Desalination and the External Impact on Irrigation‐Water Salinity: Economic Analysis for the Case of Israel. Water Resources Research, 56(9). https://doi.org/10.1029/2019wr025657.
  34. Sujianto, S., Saliem, H. P., Mardianto, S., Marhendro, M., Ariningsih, E., Ashari, A., Saptana, S., Syahyuti, S., Gunawan, E., Syukur, M., & Darwis, V. (2022). Farmers’ perception, awareness, and constraints of organic rice farming in Indonesia. Open Agriculture, 7(1), 284–299. https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0090.
  35. Sun, B., Luo, P., Zhao, Y., Wang, X., & Rijal, M. (2024). Importance of Farmers’ Awareness on Ecological Revitalization to Promote Sustainable Development. Sustainability, 16(22), 10134. https://doi.org/10.3390/su162210134.
  36. Taguta, C., Dirwai, T. L., Senzanje, A., Sikka, A., & Mabhaudhi, T. (2022). Sustainable irrigation technologies: a water-energy-food (WEF) nexus perspective towards achieving more crop per drop per joule per hectare. Environmental Research Letters : ERL [Web Site], 17(7), 073003. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac7b39.
  37. Valizadeh, N., Abbasi, E., & Bijani, M. (2020). Farmers’ participatory-based water conservation behaviors: evidence from Iran. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 23(3), 4412–4432. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-020-00781-3.
  38. Wan, J., Zhao, Y., Dong, X., Zan, H., Zhang, L., Zhang, S., Su, Y., & Deng, W. (2020). Land Functions, Rural Space Governance, and Farmers’ Environmental Perceptions: A Case Study from the Huanjiang Karst Mountain Area, China. Land, 9(5), 134. https://doi.org/10.3390/land9050134.
  39. Wann, T., Chyne, R. C., & Khongtim, J. (2024). Assessing the impact of information literacy on farmers’ decision-making processes: A mixed-methods approach. IFLA Journal, 50(3), 463–478. https://doi.org/10.1177/03400352241261730.
  40. Yang, X., Pu, Y., Wang, Z., Weng, S., & Hou, M. (2022). Review of agricultural water-saving policies and measures in recent years – a case study of Jiangsu Province, China. Water Supply, 22(4), 3951–3967. https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2022.026.
  41. Yasmeen, R., Ye, Y., Tang, C., Shah, W. U. H., & Hao, G. (2023). The Synergy of Water Resource Agglomeration and Innovative Conservation Technologies on Provincial and Regional Water Usage Efficiency in China: A Super SBM-DEA Approach. Water, 15(19), 3524. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15193524.
  42. Yuan, Y., Zhang, Y., Lin, F., & Maucieri, C. (2022). Efficient Irrigation Methods and Optimal Nitrogen Dose to Enhance Wheat Yield, Inputs Efficiency and Economic Benefits in the North China Plain. Agronomy, 12(2), 273. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12020273.
  43. Zhang, X., Liu, J., Wang, Z., Liu, H., Javed, T., Li, W., Liu, Y., Gao, X., Ye, H., Lin, H., Qin, G., & Wang, H. (2025). Spatial–Temporal Dynamics and Drivers of Crop Water Footprint in Xinjiang, China. Agronomy, 15(2), 296. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15020296.
مدیریت آب و آبیاری
دوره 15، شماره 4
اسفند 1404
صفحه 697-711

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار