پهنه بندی زمانی و مکانی آلودگی‌های کیفی و سمی در طول رودخانه حفاظت شده مازندران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه مهندسی آب، فاضلاب و محیط زیست، دانشکده مهندسی عمران، آب و محیط زیست، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.‎

10.22059/jwim.2025.382749.1183

چکیده

این پژوهش به بررسی کیفیت آب رودخانه هراز با تمرکز بر تأثیر فعالیت‌های انسانی و کشاورزی بر پارامترهای کیفیت آب و مقایسه با دیگر رودخانه‌های حفاظت‌شده استان مازندران می‌پردازد. هدف اصلی این مطالعه، ارزیابی تغییرات پارامترهای کیفیت آب و شناسایی عوامل مؤثر بر این تغییرات با استفاده از شاخص NSFWQI و سمیت و تحلیل‌های آماری است. این ارزیابی به‌منظور ارائه راه‌کارهایی برای مدیریت بهتر منابع آبی و کاهش آلودگی‌ها انجام می‌شود. در این پژوهش، نمونه‌برداری از 12 ایستگاه در طول رودخانه هراز در چهار دوره زمانی مختلف انجام شد. پارامترهایی مانند BOD، نیترات، فسفات، کدورت و فیکال کلیفرم اندازه‌گیری شدند. تحلیل داده‌ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزار ArcGIS و شاخص NSFWQI صورت گرفت. هم‌چنین، سموم کشاورزی در دو دوره نمونه‌برداری آزمایش شدند. نتایج نشان داد که فعالیت‌های انسانی و کشاورزی باعث افزایش BOD و فیکال کلیفرم می‌شود. بیش‌ترین تغییرات در ایستگاه‌های پایین‌دست مشاهده شد، جایی‌که تراکم جمعیت و ورود پساب‌های صنعتی و کشاورزی بیش‌تر است. غلظت سموم کشاورزی در محدوده استانداردهای جهانی قرار داشت. همبستگی بالای پارامترهای نیترات و فسفات با BOD و کدورت نشان‌دهنده تأثیر مستقیم این پارامترها بر یکدیگر است. فعالیت‌های انسانی تأثیر قابل‌توجهی بر کیفیت آب رودخانه هراز دارند و مدیریت صحیح منابع و کاهش آلودگی‌ها برای حفظ کیفیت آب ضروری است. این مطالعه نشان می‌دهد که بهترین کیفیت آب در فصل پاییز و پایین‌ترین کیفیت در فصل بهار مشاهده ‌شده است. با توجه به مطالعات انجام‌شده در دیگر رودخانه‌های حفاظت‌شده استان مازندران به‌صورت کلی مشخص است که کیفیت آب از بالادست به سمت پایین‌دست کاهش می‌یابد و علت این امر هم به‌طورعمده فعالیت انسانی شامل فاضلاب‌های شهری و صنعتی و کشاورزی و دام‌پروری در مناطق پایین‌دست می‌باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Temporal and spatial zoning of qualitative and toxic pollution along the protected Mazandaran River

نویسندگان [English]

  • Navid Taleghani
  • Ali Moridi
  • Reza Khalili
Department of Water, Wastewater and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil, Water and Environmental Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

This research investigates the water quality of the Haraz River, focusing on the impact of human activities and agriculture on water quality parameters. The main objective of this study is to assess the changes in water quality parameters and identify the factors influencing these changes using the NSFWQI index and toxicity, along with statistical analyses. This assessment is conducted to provide strategies for better management of water resources and reduction of pollution. In this study, sampling was conducted from 12 stations along the Haraz River at four different time periods. Parameters such as BOD, nitrate, phosphate, turbidity, and fecal coliform were measured. Data analysis was performed using ArcGIS software and the NSFWQI index. Additionally, agricultural pesticides were tested during two sampling periods. The results indicated that human and agricultural activities lead to increased BOD and fecal coliform. The most significant changes were observed at the downstream stations, where population density and the influx of industrial and agricultural effluents are higher. The concentration of agricultural pesticides was within the range of global standards. The high correlation of nitrate and phosphate parameters with BOD and turbidity indicates a direct impact of these parameters on each other. Human activities have a significant impact on the water quality of the Haraz River, and proper management of resources and reduction of pollution are essential for maintaining water quality. This study shows that the best water quality was observed in autumn, while the lowest quality was noted in spring. According to studies conducted in other protected rivers of Mazandaran province, it is generally clear that water quality decreases from upstream to downstream, and the reason for this is mainly human activity, including urban and industrial wastewater, and agriculture and animal husbandry in downstream areas.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Haraz River
  • NSFWQI Index
  • Toxic Water Pollution
  • Water Quality Index

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مدیریت آب و آبیاری
دوره 15، شماره 1
خرداد 1404
صفحه 109-130

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