واکاوی پیشینه محاسبات بیلان منابع آب زیرزمینی محدوده مطالعاتی هشتگرد واقع در استان البرز، ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مهندسی و مدیریت آب، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.

2 دانشکده مهندسی، دانشگاه بریتیش کلمبیای شمالی، بریتیش کلمبیا، کانادا.

3 شرکت آب منطقه‌ای البرز، کرج، ایران.

10.22059/jwim.2023.359789.1079

چکیده

ارزیابی بیلان آب از جمله مباحث مهم پژوهشی در مناطق مختلف جهان است که به‌منظور تعیـین یک یا تمامی اجـزای معادلـه بـیلان آب صورت می‌گیرد. به‌جهت برآورد صحیح بیلان آب، لزوم بررسی روش‌های رایج در الگوهای بین‌المللی برای بهبود برآوردها ضروری است. مطابق با روش‌شناسی مدنظر در مطالعه حاضر، چالش‌های موجود در برآورد بیلان آب زیرزمینی شناسایی شده و راه‌کارهایی برای افزایش دقت آن ارائه شده است. هم‌چنین با رویکردی نقادانه به واکاوی پیشینه محاسبات بیلان منابع آب زیرزمینی در محدوده مطالعاتی هشتگرد از سال ۱۳۶۶ تا ۱۴۰۱ پرداخته شده است. واکاوی‌های مذکور در سه سطح فنی، نهادی- ساختاری و زیرساخت‌ها صورت پذیرفت. تحلیل فنی اجزای بیلان نشان می‌دهد در دوره‌های اخیر، مجموع خروجی و ورودی آب زیرزمینی به‌ترتیب 257 و 245 میلیون مترمکعب محاسبه شده است. هم‌چنین، متوسط کسری مخزن 18 میلیون مترمکعب برآورد شده که با روندی افزایشی روبه‌رو بوده است. از جمله پیشنهادهای ارائه‌شده در راستای حل چالش‌ها، می‌توان به تجهیزنمودن محدوده مطالعاتی به امکانات سخت‌افزاری از جمله لایسیمتر و دیتالاگر، بازنگری و به‌روزرسانی شبکه پایش چاه‌های مشاهده‌ای، به‌کارگیری تکنیک‌های سنجش‌ازدور با دقت مناسب برای برآورد تبخیر و تعرق و یا سایر اجزای بیلان، به‌روزرسانی اطلاعات هیدرودینامیکی آبخوان، اندازه‌گیری مقدار برداشت از چاه‌های بهره‌برداری و قنوات در تواتر کم‌تر از پنج سال و پیشنهاد برقراری امکانات ثبت و نمایش برخط اجزای بیلان در محدوده مطالعاتی هشتگرد در مقیاس‌های مختلف، اشاره نمود. در این راستا، با توجه به اجزای ورودی و خروجی بیلان منابع آب و عدم‌قطعیت‌هایی که در تخمین آن‌ها وجود دارد، ضرورت انجام مطالعه بیلان منابع آب با هدف شناسایی منابع عدم‌قطعیت در محاسبه اجزای آن، دوچندان می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

A Review Analysis of Groundwater Resources Budget Calculations in Hashtgerd Study Area Located in Alborz Province, Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hamed Ketabchi 1
  • Davood Mahmoodzadeh 2
  • Mohammad Reza Zaghiyan 1
  • Tofigh Saadi 3
  • Mahsa Jamdar 3
1 Department of Water Engineering and Management, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
2 School of Engineering, University of Northern British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada.
3 Alborz Regional Water Authority, Karaj, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Water budget evaluations are important research topics in various regions of the world, as they aim to determine one or more components of the water balance. To estimate these components accurately, it is necessary to have adequate knowledge and methods. Therefore, reviewing the common methods used in international models can help to improve the estimation of water resources budget. The present study seeks to identify the challenges of groundwater budget estimation and to propose solutions for enhancing the accuracy of calculations, based on a critical analysis of previous studies conducted in Hashtgerd from 1987 to 2022. A three-level analysis was performed at the technical, institutional-structural, and infrastructural levels. The technical analysis of water budget components indicates that in the recent periods, the total output and input of groundwater were 257 and 245 MCM, respectively. Moreover, the average storage deficit was estimated at 18 MCM, which showed an increasing trend. This research suggests several measures to address the challenges, such as: equipping the study area with hardware facilities (lysimeters and data loggers); revising and updating the monitoring network of observation wells in the region; using remote sensing techniques to estimate evapotranspiration and other water budget components; updating the hydrodynamic information of the aquifer; measuring the withdrawal amount from exploitation wells and Qanats at a frequency of less than five years with more accurate methods; and establishing facilities for recording and displaying online components of the water budget in Hashtgerd at different scales. In this regard, the need for conducting water resources budget studies is emphasized, considering the uncertainties associated with the estimation of inputs and outputs.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Comparative analysis
  • Uncertainty and errors
  • Water resources budget

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مدیریت آب و آبیاری
دوره 13، شماره 3
مهر 1402
صفحه 693-713

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