تأثیر کاربرد بیوچار طبیعی بر بهره‌وری کود نیتروژن در اسفناج

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران.

2 گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران.

10.22059/jwim.2023.351415.1033

چکیده

پژوهش حاضر به‌صورت آزمایش گلدانی به‌منظور بررسی اثر سطوح متفاوت بیوچار (صفر (Bi0)، یک (Bi1) و دو (Bi2) درصد وزنی خاک) و کود نیتروژن (از منبع اوره) (صفر (F0)، 150 (F150) و 300 (F300) کیلوگرم در هکتار) بر عملکرد و بهره‌وری کود در گیاه اسفناج رقم Viroflay اجرا شد. پژوهش حاضر به‌صورت آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در چهار تکرار از مهرماه تا دی‌ماه 1400 در گلخانه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه زنجان انجام گرفت. کوددهی به‌صورت کودآبیاری و در سه نوبت به فاصله 10 روز انجام شد. براساس یافته‌های پژوهش، با کاربرد یک و دو درصد بیوچار میانگین شاخص کلروفیل برگ به‌ترتیب 15 و 34 درصد و میانگین سطح برگ به‌ترتیب 14 و 36 درصد نسبت به تیمار شاهد افزایش معنی‌دار یافت. هم‌چنین افزایش میانگین شاخص کلروفیل برگ در تیمارهای F150 و F300 نسبت به تیمار F0 به‌ترتیب 64 و 110 درصد و میانگین سطح برگ به‌ترتیب 30 و 58 درصد بود. براساس نتایج اثرات متقابل، بیش‌ترین میانگین طول دمبرگ، میانگین وزن تر و خشک گیاه و میانگین بهره‌وری کود در تیمار Bi2-F300 (به‌ترتیب 6/1 سانتی‌متر، 10/1 گرم، 1/2 گرم و 24/0 کیلوگرم بر کیلوگرم) به‌دست آمد. براساس نتایج پژوهش، کاربرد بیوچار در خاک برای افزایش بهره‌وری کود و کاهش اثرات منفی زیست‌محیطی استفاده از کود شیمیایی پیشنهاد می‌گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Natural Biochar Application on Nitrogen Fertilizer Productivity in Spinach

نویسندگان [English]

  • Jaefar Nikbakht 1
  • Shagayegh Vaziri 1
  • Taher Barzegar 2
1 Department of Water Engineering, Agricultural Faculty, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.
2 Department of Horticultural Sciences, Agricultural Faculty, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Current research was carried out as a pot experiment in order to investigate the effect of different biochar levels (zero (Bi0), one (Bi1) and two (Bi2) percent of soil mass) and nitrogen fertilizer (from the urea source) (zero (F0), 150 (F150) and 300 (F300) kg/ha) on spinach (cv. Viroflay) yield and fertilizer productivity. The experiment was done from September 2021 to January 2022 as a factorial experiment based on randomized complete blocks design with four replications in the research greenhouse of agricultural faculty of Zanjan University. Fertilizing was done as fertigation in three splits with an interval of 10 days. Results showed, using one and two percent biochar were significantly increased means of leaf chlorophyll index 15% and 34% (respectively) and leaf area 14% and 34% (respectively) compared to the control treatment. In F150 and F300 treatments compared to F0, means of leaf chlorophyll index increased 64% and 110% (respectively) and leaf area increased 30% and 58% (respectively). Based on the results of interaction effects, maximum mean of petiole length, fresh and dry mass of plant and fertilizer productivity were achieved in Bi2-F300 treatment (respectively 6.1 cm, 10.1 gr and 24.0 kg/kg). Based on the research results, biochar application in soil is suggested to increase fertilizer productivity which reduces the harmful effects of using chemical fertilizers on the environment.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Fertigation
  • Fertilizer levels
  • Soil improver
  • Yield and yield components

مراجع

  1. Abdelraouf, A. A. E. (2016). The effects of nitrogen fertilization on yield and quality of spinach grown in high tunnels. Alexandria Science Exchange Journal, 37, 488-496.
  2. Ahmed, R., Li, Y., Mao, L., Xu, Ch., Lin, W., Ahmed, Sh., & Ahmed, W. (2019). Biochar effects on mineral nitrogen leaching, moisture content, and evapotranspiration after 15N urea fertilization for vegetable crop. Agronomy, 9(331), 1-18.
  3. Bitarafan, Z., Asghari, H., Hasanloo, T., Gholami, A., & Moradi, F. (2018). Biochar effect on seed trigonelline content of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graceum) ecotypes under deficit irrigation. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, 34(1), 155-165. (In Persian).
  4. Bolhassani, Z., Ronaghi, A., Ghasemi, R., & Zarei, M. (2019). Influence of rice-husk derived biochar and growth promoting rhizobacteria on the yield and chemical composition of spinach in soil under salinity stress. Iranian Journal of Soil Research, 33(3), 335-348. (In Persian).
  5. Charkhab, A., Mojaddam, M., Lack, S., Sakinejad, T., & Dadnia, M. R. (2021). The effect of biochar and humic acid rates on some phophysiological characteristics and grain yield SC704 corn (Zea mays) hybrid under water deficit stress. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology, 15(58), 171-192. (In Persian).
  6. Erfani, F., Hasandokht, M. R., Barzegar, M., & Jabari, A. (2006). Determination and comparison of chemical properties of seven iranian spinach cultivars. Food Science and Technology, 3(2), 27-34. (In Persian).
  7. Eskandari, Z., Taab, A., eshghizadeh, H. R., & Khorvash, M. (2021). Growth characteristics and yield evalution of dual-purpose corn hybrids in two levels of urea fertigation. Journal of Crop Production and Processing, 11(3): 111-124. (In Persian).
  8. Fallah Morteza Nezhad, S., Peyvast, G., Olfati, J., & Sammak, B. (2014). Effects of chemical fertilization and organic fertilizer on spinach (Spinacia oleracea) yield and nitrate accumulation. Journal of Plant Production Research, 21(1), 49-68. (In Persian).
  9. Gavili, E., Mousavi, S. A. A., & Kamgar Haghighi, A. A. (2016). Effect of cattle manure biochar and drought stress on the growth characteristics and water use efficiency of spinach under greenhouse conditions. Journal of Water Research in Agriculture, 30(2), 243-259. (In Persian).
  10. Goodarzi, F., Delshad, M., Soltani, F., & Mansouri, H. (2020). Changes in some growth and yield indices of Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) under nitrogen fertilization and plant density. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science, 51(2), 183-198. (In Persian).
  11. Hosseinnejad Mir, A., Hashemi Garmdareh, S., Liaghat, A., Karimi, S., & Abbasi, F. (2021). Effect of forage maize biochar and urea fertilizer on soil chemical properties and pepper yield under greenhouse conditions. Water and Irrigation Management, 11(3), 593-606. (In Persian).
  12. Jabborova, D., Annapurna, K., Paul, S., Kumar, S., Saad, H. A., Desouky, S., Ibrahim, M. F. M., & Elkelish, A. (2021). Beneficial features of biochar and arbuscular mycorrhiza for improving spinach plant growth, root morphological traits, physiological properties, and soil enzymatic activities. Journal of Fungi, 571(7), 2-16.
  13. Jafari, P., & Jalali, A. (2018). Evaluation of yield, yield components and nitrate in some spinach landraces in Isfahan Province. Journal of Horticultural Science, 32(1), 149-158. (In Persian).
  14. Jasim, E. A. A., & Esho, K. B. (2022). Effects of nitrogen doses and organic Alga 600 fertilizer on spinach, Spinacia oleracea growth and yield. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology, 9, 127-132.
  15. Kalantari, A., Aliasgharzad, N., & Najafi, N. (2018). Effects of two species of pseudomonas and nitrogen levels on dry matter, chlorophyll index and N and Zn uptake by spinach plant. Applied Soil Research, 6(1), 62-72. (In Persian).
  16. Mola, I. D., Ottaiano, L., Cozzolino, E., Sabatino, L., Sifola, M. I., Mormile, P., El-Nakhel, Ch, Rouphael, Y., & Mori, M. (2021). Optical characteristics of greenhouse plastic films affect yield and some quality traits of spinach (Spinacia oleracea) subjected to different nitrogen doses. Horticulturae, 200(7), 1-15.
  17. Nikbakht, J., Eshghi, V., Barzegar, T., & Vaezi, A. (2020). Interaction of urea fertilizer and magnetized water on yield and water and fertilizer use efficiency in cucumber (Cucumis sativus Kish F1). Water and Soil, 34(3), 675-688. (In Persian).
  18. Nikbakht, J., Mohammadi, F., & Barzegar, T. (2022). Effect of using transparent plastic mulch in deficit irrigation conditions on yield and water productivity green beans. Water Management in Agriculture, 8(2), 151-166. (In Persian).
  19. Nikbakht, J., Parvizi, A., & Barzegar, T. (2023). Effect of Biochar Application on Lettuce Yield and Water Productivity in Deficit Irrigation Conditions. Water and Irrigation Management, 12(4), 859-871. (In Persian).
  20. Patel, V. K., Vikram, B., Sikarwar, P. S., & Sengupta, J. (2021). Effect of different levels of nitrogen and phosphorus on growth and yield of spinach (Spinacea oleracea) cv. all green. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 10(1), 2229-2231.
  21. Poormansour, S., Razzaghi, F., Sepaskhah, A., & Moosavi, A. (2019). Wheat growth and yield investigation under different levels of biochar and deficit irrigation under greenhouse conditions. Water and Irrigation Management, 9(1), 15-28. (In Persian).
  22. Saah, K. J. A., Kaba, J. S., & Abunyewa, A. A. (2022). Inorganic nitrogen fertilizer, biochar particle size and rate of application on lettuce (Lactuca sativa) nitrogen use and yield. All Life, 15(1), 624-635.
  23. Sadeghi, M., Tabatabaei, J., & Bayat, H. (2017). Effects of nitrogen and nutrient removal on nitrate accumulation and growth characteristics of spinach (Spinacia oleraceae). Journal of Horticultural Science, 31(2), 306-314. (In Persian).
  24. Sadeghipour, M. (2015). The effects of cattle manure and nitrogen fertilizer application on some characteristics of Spinach (Spinacea Oleracea). Applied Field Crops Research, 28(3), 53-64. (In Persian).
  25. Senviset, O., & Preston, T. R. (2018). Biochar as amendment to soil growing cassava for foliage. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 30(4), 17-57.
  26. Shafeek, M. R., Mahmoud, A. R., Helmy, Y. I., Omar, N. M., & Heba, M. A. (2020). Effect of nitrogen fertilization and foliar application of amino acid on growth, yield and nutritional value of spinach plants. Current Science International, 9(4), 641-648.
  27. Thapa, P., Shrestha, R. K., Kafle, K., & Shrestha, J. (2021). Effect of different levels of nitrogen and farmyard manure on the growth and yield of spinach (Spinacia oleracea). Journal of Agricultural Science, 2(XXXII), 335-340.
  28. Vojodi Mehrabani, L., Valizadeh Kamran, R., Soltanighralar, Z., Emanizeraatcar, Z., & Masoumpoor, Z. (2018). The effects of urea and organic fertilizers on nitrate accumulation and some physiological traits of spinach (Spinacia oleraceae). Plant Productions, 41(3), 83-94. (In Persian).
  29. Zhang, J., Sha, Z., Zhang, Y., Bei, Z., & Cao, L. (2015). The effects of different water and nitrogen levels on yield, water and nitrogen utilization efficiencies of spinach (Spinacia oleracea). Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 95(4), 671-679.
  30. Zibaei, Z., Ghasemi-Fasaei, R., & Ostovar, P. (2019). Effects of crop residues, rice husk biochar and urea application on growth, chemical composition, and nitrogen use efficiency of spinach in a calcareous soil. Iranian Journal of Soil Research, 33(1), 75-87. (In Persian).
مدیریت آب و آبیاری
دوره 13، شماره 3
مهر 1402
صفحه 755-768

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار