اثر متقابل کم‌آبیاری و مالچ بر روی عملکرد و بهره‌وری آب محصول ریحان با استفاده از تئوری الاستیسته

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه مهندسی آب، پردیس ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران، ایران.

2 دانشیار، گروه مهندسی آب، پردیس ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران، ایران

3 استاد، گروه مهندسی آب، پردیس ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران، ایران.

چکیده

یکی از روش‌های کاهش مصرف و افزایش بهره‌وری آب استفاده همزمان از مالچ و کم‌آبیاری می‌باشد. بررسی اثر مالچ و سطوح مختلف آبیاری بر روی بهره‌وری آب گیاه ریحان، آزمایشی در قالب کرت‌های خردشده اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل 4 سطح مختلف آبیاری و دو عامل خاک در دو فصل کشت بود. برای تعیین حداکثر عملکرد محصول و بهره‌وری آب از تئوری الاستیسیته استفاده شد. در تئوری الاستیسیته با مشتق‌گیری از تابع تولید شاخص بازده مصرف آب حاشیه‌ای و شاخص الاستیسسیته تعیین می‌شود. نتایج در فصل اول کشت نشان داد که در شرایط حداکثر عملکرد محصول، عملکرد محصول در خاک مالچ‌دار حدود 19 درصد بیشتر از خاک معمولی می‌باشد، در حالی که مصرف آب نیز حدود 28 درصد در خاک مالچ‌دار کمتر شد و در کل حدود 50 درصد بهره‌وری آب افزایش پیدا کرد. در شرایط کم آبیاری بهترین عملکرد ماده خشک به میزان 118 گرم بر متر مربع، نیاز آبی به مقدار 67 میلی‌متر و بهره‌وری آب 67/1 گرم بر لیتر در پوشش خاک با مالچ بدست آمد. این در حالی است که این مقادیر برای خاک معمولی بترتیب 7/96 گرم بر متر مربع، 2/80 میلی‌متر و 21/1 گرم بر لیتر بدست آمد. نتایج در فصل دوم کشت نیز مشابه کشت اول بود و نشان داد عملکرد محصول، نیاز آبی و بهره‌وری آب در خاک مالچ‌دار ارتقاء پیدا کرده است. نتایج این آزمایش نشان داد استفاده از پوشش مالچ بر روی خاک و کم آبیاری موجب افزایش بهره‌وری آب و عملکرد محصول ریحان شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Interaction of water deficit and mulch on the yield and water use efficiency in basil using elasticity theory

نویسندگان [English]

  • shahla Abbasbeigi 1
  • Mahmoud Mashal 2
  • Ali Rahimikhoob 3
1 Ph. D. Student, Department of Water Engineering, Aburaihan Campus, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Department of Water Engineering, Aburaihan Campus, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
3 Professor, Department of Water Engineering, Aburaihan Campus, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

One of the ways to reduce water consumption and increase water productivity is to simultaneous use mulch and deficit irrigation. For studying the effect of mulch and different levels of irrigation on water use efficiency of Basil, a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design was conducted. The experimental treatments consisted of four different irrigation levels; and two soil factors in two seasons of cultivation. The elasticity theory was used to determine the maximum product yield and water productivity. In the theory of elasticity, marginal water consumption efficiency index and elasticity index are determined by deriving from the production function. The results of the first season showed that in the conditions of maximum yield, the yield of the product in mulched soil was about 19% higher than the normal soil, while water consumption was reduced by 28% in the mulch, and in total about 50% of water productivity has increased. In deficit irrigation condition, the best dry matter yield, water requirement and water productivity were 118 gr/m2, 67 mm and 67.1 gr/lit in soil covered with mulch respectively; while these values for uncovered soil were 96.7 gr/ m2, 80.2 mm and 21.1 gr /lit respectively. The results in the second season of cultivation were similar to those of the first cultivar and indicated that the yield of the product, water requirement and water productivity in the mulch was increased. The results of the experiment showed by applying mulch on the soil surface and using deficit irrigation strategy, water use efficiency and yield productivity of basil increased. 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Basil
  • Deficit irrigation
  • Mulch
  • Water productivity

مراجع

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مدیریت آب و آبیاری
دوره 12، شماره 3
شهریور 1401
صفحه 645-657

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