ارزیابی سطوح مختلف آبیاری قطره‌ای زیرسطحی بر عملکرد و صفات مورفولوژیک گیاه ذرت شیرین

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری علوم و مهندسی آب (آبیاری و زهکشی)، گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران.

2 استاد، گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران.

3 استادیار، گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران.

4 دانش‌آموخته دکتری علوم و مهندسی آب (آبیاری و زهکشی)، گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران.

چکیده

برنامه‌ریزی برای استفاده ‌بهتر از منابع آب در کشاورزی امری اجتناب‌ناپذیر و روش آبیاری قطره‌ای زیرسطحی می‌تواند علاوه بر کاهش در میزان آب آبیاری، افزایش عملکرد محصول را به دنبال داشته باشد. این تحقیق به‌منظور بررسی سطوح مختلف آبیاری بر شاخص‌های عملکردی و صفات گیاهی ذرت شیرین، تحت آبیاری قطره‌ای زیرسطحی در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با چهار تیمار 20 درصد بیش‌آبیاری، برابر با نیاز آبی، 20 و 40 درصد کم‌آبیاری در چهار تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی گروه مهندسی آب دانشگاه ارومیه انجام گردید. نتایج نشان داد که اثرات کم آبیاری و بیش‌آبیاری بر عملکرد بلال، وزن هزار دانه، قطر بلال بدون پوشش، طول بلال بدون غلاف، تعداد ردیف بلال و تعداد دانه معنی‌دار بود. همچنین بر اساس نتایج می‌توان بیان کرد که با کاهش مقدار مصرف آب مقدار عملکرد محصول به‌صورت خطی کاهش می‌یابد. بیش‌ترین و کمترین عملکرد دانه بلال در تیمارهای بیش‌آبیاری و 60 درصد نیاز آبی به ترتیب با میانگین 4/30 و 9/19 تن در هکتار به دست آمد. بر اساس نتایج تحقیق، با کاهش ۲۰ درصدی مصرف آب نسبت به آبیاری کامل، به طور غیر معنی‌داری فقط 72/4 درصد عملکرد دانه کاهش پیدا می‌کند. این در حالی است که با افزایش 20 درصدی آب آبیاری 54/10 درصد عملکرد دانه بلال افزایش می‌یابد. بین تیمار بیش آبیاری و ۲۰ درصد کم آبیاری در صفات وزن هزار دانه و قطر بلال، اختلاف معنی‌داری مشاهده نشد. اختلاف بین میانگین‌های شاخص‌های عملکرد دانه بلال، طول و تعداد دانه در ردیف بلال در تمام تیمارهای آبیاری معنی‌داری به دست آمد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of different levels of subsurface irrigation on yield and morphological traits of sweet corn

نویسندگان [English]

  • Milad Ebrahimi 1
  • Javad Behmanesh 2
  • Vahid Rezaverdinejad 2
  • vahid varshavian 3
  • Nasrin Azad 4
1 Ph.D. Student in Water Engineering (Irrigation and Drainage), Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
2 Professor, Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran.
4 Graduate Ph.D. in Water Engineering, Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Planning for the best use of water resources in agriculture is inevitable. In this regard, the method of subsurface drip irrigation can, in addition to reducing the amount of irrigation water, increase crop yield. This study was conducted to investigate the different levels of under-irrigation and over-irrigation on yield indices and plant traits of sweet corn cultivar CHASE, under subsurface drip irrigation system in a randomized complete block design with four treatments of 20 Percent over-irrigation, equal to water requirement, 20 and 40 Percent under-irrigation in four Repeated. The results showed that in general, the effects of under-irrigation and over-irrigation on cob yield, 1000-seed weight, uncovered cob diameter, pod-free cob length, number of cob rows and number of seeds were significant. Also, based on the results, it can be stated that by reducing the amount of water consumption, the yield of the product decreases linearly. The highest and lowest cob yields were obtained in over-irrigation treatments and 60 Percent of water requirement with an average of 30.4 and 19.9 tons per hectare, respectively. Accordingly, with a 20 Percent reduction in water consumption compared to full irrigation, only 4.72 Percent of the crop is significantly reduced. This is while with a 20 Percent increase in irrigation water, the yield of cob increases by 10.54 Percent. 1000-seed weight in full irrigation and 20 Percent low irrigation treatments was 375.7 and 372.6 g, respectively. There was no significant difference between over-irrigation and 20 Percent under-irrigation treatment. There was a significant difference between the means of ear yield indices, length and number of seeds per ear row in all irrigation treatments.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Crop yield components
  • deficit irrigation
  • subsurface drip irrigation
  • sweet corn
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