ارزیابی سطوح مختلف آبیاری قطره‌ای زیرسطحی بر عملکرد و صفات مورفولوژیک گیاه ذرت شیرین

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری علوم و مهندسی آب (آبیاری و زهکشی)، گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران.

2 استاد، گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران.

3 استادیار، گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران.

4 دانش‌آموخته دکتری علوم و مهندسی آب (آبیاری و زهکشی)، گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران.

چکیده

برنامه‌ریزی برای استفاده ‌بهتر از منابع آب در کشاورزی امری اجتناب‌ناپذیر و روش آبیاری قطره‌ای زیرسطحی می‌تواند علاوه بر کاهش در میزان آب آبیاری، افزایش عملکرد محصول را به دنبال داشته باشد. این تحقیق به‌منظور بررسی سطوح مختلف آبیاری بر شاخص‌های عملکردی و صفات گیاهی ذرت شیرین، تحت آبیاری قطره‌ای زیرسطحی در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با چهار تیمار 20 درصد بیش‌آبیاری، برابر با نیاز آبی، 20 و 40 درصد کم‌آبیاری در چهار تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی گروه مهندسی آب دانشگاه ارومیه انجام گردید. نتایج نشان داد که اثرات کم آبیاری و بیش‌آبیاری بر عملکرد بلال، وزن هزار دانه، قطر بلال بدون پوشش، طول بلال بدون غلاف، تعداد ردیف بلال و تعداد دانه معنی‌دار بود. همچنین بر اساس نتایج می‌توان بیان کرد که با کاهش مقدار مصرف آب مقدار عملکرد محصول به‌صورت خطی کاهش می‌یابد. بیش‌ترین و کمترین عملکرد دانه بلال در تیمارهای بیش‌آبیاری و 60 درصد نیاز آبی به ترتیب با میانگین 4/30 و 9/19 تن در هکتار به دست آمد. بر اساس نتایج تحقیق، با کاهش ۲۰ درصدی مصرف آب نسبت به آبیاری کامل، به طور غیر معنی‌داری فقط 72/4 درصد عملکرد دانه کاهش پیدا می‌کند. این در حالی است که با افزایش 20 درصدی آب آبیاری 54/10 درصد عملکرد دانه بلال افزایش می‌یابد. بین تیمار بیش آبیاری و ۲۰ درصد کم آبیاری در صفات وزن هزار دانه و قطر بلال، اختلاف معنی‌داری مشاهده نشد. اختلاف بین میانگین‌های شاخص‌های عملکرد دانه بلال، طول و تعداد دانه در ردیف بلال در تمام تیمارهای آبیاری معنی‌داری به دست آمد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of different levels of subsurface irrigation on yield and morphological traits of sweet corn

نویسندگان [English]

  • Milad Ebrahimi 1
  • Javad Behmanesh 2
  • Vahid Rezaverdinejad 2
  • vahid varshavian 3
  • Nasrin Azad 4
1 Ph.D. Student in Water Engineering (Irrigation and Drainage), Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
2 Professor, Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran.
4 Graduate Ph.D. in Water Engineering, Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Planning for the best use of water resources in agriculture is inevitable. In this regard, the method of subsurface drip irrigation can, in addition to reducing the amount of irrigation water, increase crop yield. This study was conducted to investigate the different levels of under-irrigation and over-irrigation on yield indices and plant traits of sweet corn cultivar CHASE, under subsurface drip irrigation system in a randomized complete block design with four treatments of 20 Percent over-irrigation, equal to water requirement, 20 and 40 Percent under-irrigation in four Repeated. The results showed that in general, the effects of under-irrigation and over-irrigation on cob yield, 1000-seed weight, uncovered cob diameter, pod-free cob length, number of cob rows and number of seeds were significant. Also, based on the results, it can be stated that by reducing the amount of water consumption, the yield of the product decreases linearly. The highest and lowest cob yields were obtained in over-irrigation treatments and 60 Percent of water requirement with an average of 30.4 and 19.9 tons per hectare, respectively. Accordingly, with a 20 Percent reduction in water consumption compared to full irrigation, only 4.72 Percent of the crop is significantly reduced. This is while with a 20 Percent increase in irrigation water, the yield of cob increases by 10.54 Percent. 1000-seed weight in full irrigation and 20 Percent low irrigation treatments was 375.7 and 372.6 g, respectively. There was no significant difference between over-irrigation and 20 Percent under-irrigation treatment. There was a significant difference between the means of ear yield indices, length and number of seeds per ear row in all irrigation treatments.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Crop yield components
  • deficit irrigation
  • subsurface drip irrigation
  • sweet corn

مراجع

  1. Adiloglu, A., Talian, D.D., Abin, S., Davison, D., & Petersen, J. (2012). The Effect of Boron (B) Application on the growth and nutrient contents of maize in zinc (Zn) deficient soils. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, 2(1), 1-4.
  2. Afshar, H., & Sadrghaen, H. (2014). Impact of Different Irrigation Levels, Plant Density and Row Spacing on Water Productivity of Corn Using Subsurface Drip Irrigation. Water and Soil, 27(6), 1145-1152. (In Persian).
  3. Afshari, M., Azizi, F., Pazaki, A., & Sajedi, N. (2011). Investigation of the effect of different plant densities on some phenological traits of five sweet and very sweet foreign corn cultivars. New agricultural findings, 17(1), 1-8. (In Persian).
  4. Afsharmanesh, Gh. (2008). Investigation of the effect of planting date on grain yield of corn cultivars in early spring planting in Jiroft. Research and construction, 20(2), 3-8. (In Persian).
  5. Ahmadi, J., Zeinali, H., Rostami, M., & Chogan, R. (2000). Drought resistance in late commercial commercial hybrids of corn. Iranian Agricultural Sciences, 31(4), 891-907. (In Persian).
  6. Albasha, R., Dejean, C., Mailhol, J.C., Weber, J., Weber, J., Bollegue, C. & Lopez, J.M. (2015). Performances of subsurface drip irrigation for maize under Mediterranean and temperate oceanic climate conditions. 26th Euro-Mediterranean Regional Conference and Workshops. 12-15 October 2015, Montpellier, France.
  7. Allen, R. G., Pereira, L. S., Raes, D., & Smith, M. (1998). Crop evapotranspiration-Guidelines for computing crop water requirements. FAO Irrigation and drainage. Paper 56.
  8. Ashraf, M., Arno, H., Beling, D., & Santos (2012). Biotechnological approach of improving plant salt tolerance using antioxidants as markers. Biotechnology Advances, 27(2), 84-93.
  9. Azarpanah, A., Alizadeh, O., Dehghanzadehm, H., & Zare, M. (2013). The effect of irrigation levels in various growth stages on morphological characteristics and yield components of Zea mays Technical Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 3 (14), 1459-1447.
  10. Basaki, T., Pikarestan, B., & Khayam-Nekoue, S. (2018). The Effect of Irrigation cutting on Water use Efficiency and Proline Content of Six Sweet Corn Varieties in Milajerd Conditions. Journal of Crop Biotechnology, 20(7), 65-74. (In Persian).
  11. Campos, H., Cooper, M., Habben, J.E., Edmeades, G.O., & Schussler, J.R. (2004). Improving drought tolerance in maize: a view from industry. Field Crops Research, 90, 19-34.
  12. dehghansanij, H., Kanani, E., & Hamami, M. (2017). Application of Subsurface Drip Irrigation System and Management Parameters in Corn Production. Water Management in Agriculture. 3(2), 39-52. (In Persian).
  13. Earl, H.J., & Davis, R.F. (2003). Effect of drought stress on leaf and whole canopy radiation, use efficiency and yield of maize. Agronomy Journal, 95, 688-696.
  14. Elmaloglou, S., & Diamantopoulos, E. (2009). Simulation of soil water dynamics under subsurface drip irrigation from line sources. Agricultural water management, 96, 1587-1595.
  15. Enciso, J., Jifon, J., Anciso, J., & Ribera, L. (2015). Productivity of onions using subsurface drip irrigation versus furrow irrigation systems with an internet based irrigation scheduling program. International Journal of Agronomy (11) 1, 238-249.
  16. Ertick, A., & Kar, B. (2013). Yield and quality of swect corn under deficit irrigation, Agriculture Water Management, 129, 138-144.
  17. Farsiani, A., Ghobadi, M.E., & Jalalillonarmand, S. (2011). The effect of water deficit and sowing date on yield components and seed sugar contents of sweet corn (Zea mays), African Journal of Agriculture Research, 6(26), 5769-5774.
  18. Fereidooni, M., & Farajee, H. (2017). Effect of Different Irrigation Levels and Cultivation Techniques on Water Use Efficiency and Quantity and Quality yield of Sweet Corn (Zea mays saccharata). Water and Soil, 31(4), 1001-1014
  19. Ghazian Tafrishi, S., Aynehband, A., Tavakoli, H., Khavari khorasani, S., & Joleini, M. (2013). Effect of Limited Irrigation on Yield and Yield Component of Several Sweet Corn (Zea maysvar Saccharata) Varieties. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 11(1), 171-178. (In Persian).
  20. Gheysari, M., Sadeghi, S. H., Loescher, H. W., Amiri, S., Zareian, M. J., Majidi, M. M., Asgarinia, P., & Payero, J. O. (2017). Comparison of deficit irrigation management strategies on root, plant growth and biomass productivity of silage maize. Agricultural water management, 182, 126-138.
  21. Harrison, M.T., Tardieu, F., Dong, Z., Messina, C.D., & Hammer, G.L. (2014). Characterizing drought stress and trait influence on maize yield under current and future conditions. Global Change Biology, 20, 867-878.
  22. Heatherly, L., Wasley, G., & Elmore, C. (1990). Corn, sorghum and soybean response to irrigation in the Misissippi river alluvial plain. Crop science, 30, 666-672.
  23. Hüner, N.P., & Hopkins, W.G. (2008). Introduction to Plant Physiology: Wiley, NewYork.
  24. Imam, Y., & Ranjbar, Gh. (2001). Effect of plant density and drought stress on vegetative growth stage on yield, yield components and water use efficiency in grain corn. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences, 2(3), 51-62. (In Persian).
  25. Kaman, H., Kirda, C., & Sesveren, S. (2011). Genotypic differences of maize in grain yield response to deficit irrigation. Agricultural Water Management, 98, 801-807.
  26. Kanani, E., Dehghanisanij, H., & Akhavan, S. (2016). Effects of different irrigation methods and mulch on corn (Zea mayz) evapotranspiration, yield, water use efficiency in a semi-arid climate. 2nd world Irrigation Forum (WIF2). 6-8 November, 2016. Chiang Mai, Thailand
  27. karimi, M., Baghani, J., & Joleini, M. (2015). Evaluation of the Effect of Different Irrigation Levels of Drip Irrigation (Tape) on Yield and Yield Components of Corn. Water and Soil, 29(2), 311-321. doi: 10.22067/jsw.v0i0.29307. (In Persian).
  28. Khashaei, F., Behmanesh, J., Rezaverdinejad, V., & Azad, N. (2019). Effect of the Amount of Irrigation and Nitrogen Fertilizer Splitting on Grain yield, Yield Components and Water Productivity of Corn under Subsurface Drip Irrigation. Journal of Water Research in Agriculture, 33(4), 601-612. (In Persian).
  29. Lawson, V. (2006). Sweet corn cultivar trial -2006 Iowa state university Muscatine island Res And Demonstrafion farm IS RFo6. 20, 10-13.
  30. Lobell, D.B., Roberts, M.J., Schlenker, W., Braun, N., Little, B.B., Rejesus, R.M., & Hammer, GL. (2014). Greater sensitivity to drought accompanies maize yield increase in the US Midwest. Science, 344, 516-519.
  31. Lutts, S., Kinet, JM., & Bouharmont, J. (2006). NaCl-induced senescence in leaves of rice (Oryza sativa) cultivars differing in salinity rsistance. Annals of Botany, 78, 389-398.
  32. Mohammadkhani, A., Pourgholam-Amiji, M., Sohrabi, T., & Liaghat, A. (2020). The Effect of Different Levels of Water Stress in Two Surface and Subsurface Drip Irrigation Systems on Yield and Water Productivity of Maize. Water and Irrigation Management, 10(2), 247-264. (In Persian).
  33. Moohamadi Behmadi. M., & Armin, M. (2017). Effect of drought stress on yield and yield components of different corn cultivars in delayed planting conditions. Applied Research of Plant Ecophysiology, 4 (1), 17-34. (In Persian).
  34. Naderi Bani, A., Gholami Sefidkoohi, M., & Kamali, M. (2019). Investigation of the effect of surface and subsurface local irrigation on sweet corn yield. 15th National Conference on Irrigation and Evaporation Reduction, (In Persian).
  35. Oktem, A., Eulgun, A., & Coskun, Y. (2005). Determination of sowing dates of sweet corn (Zea mays Saccharata Sturt.) under Sanliurfa conditions. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 28, 83-91
  36. Palacios-Diaz, M.P., MendozaGrimon, V., Fernandez-Vera, J.R., RodriguezRodriguez, F., Tejedor-Junco, M.T., & Hernandez-Moreno, J.M. (2009). Subsurface drip irrigation and reclaimed water quality effects on phosphorus and salinity distribution and forage production. Agricultural water management, 96(11), 1659-1666.
  37. Sanders, O., & Shaw, M. (2014). Temperature and soil water effects on maize growth, development, yield and forage quality. Crop Science, 36, 341 -348.
  38. Scot, P., & Aboudrare, A. (2009). Adaptation of crop management to water-limited environment. Europeanm Journal of Agronomy, 21, 433-446
  39. Soleymanifard, A, Pourdad, S., Naseri, R., & Mirzaei, A. (2011). Effect of drought stress on growth indices of sweet corn in rainfed conditions. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 47, 327-340.
  40. van Donk, S. J., & Shaver, T. M. (2016). Effects of nitrogen application frequency via subsurface drip irrigation on corn development and grain yield. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 39(13), 1830-1839.
مدیریت آب و آبیاری
دوره 12، شماره 3
شهریور 1401
صفحه 603-614

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار