بررسی تاثیر روش‌های کم‌آبیاری بر عملکرد، آب مصرفی و اجزای عملکرد برنج (رقم بینام)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد آبیاری و زهکشی، گروه مهندسی آب، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران.

2 استاد، گروه مهندسی آب، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران.

3 کارشناس، معاونت مؤسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور، آمل، ایران.

4 دانشجوی دکتری آبیاری و زهکشی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران.

چکیده

با توجه به ارزش آب در کشاورزی و تهدید فزاینده کمبود منابع آب در سال‌های اخیر، پژوهشی در سال ۱۳۹۹ و در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با نه تیمار و سه تکرار، برای بررسی اثرات اعمال تیمارهای کم‌آبیاری بر اجزای عملکرد گیاه برنج (رقم بینام) در شهرستان بابلسر استان مازندران انجام شد. تیمارهای این طرح، کم‌آبیاری تنظیم شده(RDI) و کم‌آبیاری بخشی ریشه(PRD) در سه تنش خشکی ۱۰، ۳۰ و۶۰ کیلوپاسکال(RDI10، RDI30، RDI60، PRD10، PRD30 و PRD60)، تیمار تأمین ۱۰۰ درصد نیاز آبی گیاه برنج(FID) و آبیاری غرقابی(FI1) و(FI2) بترتیب به‌عنوان تیمار شاهد آبیاری و شاهد علف هرز بودند. سیستم آبیاری این طرح، آبیاری نوار تیپ بود. برای اندازه‌گیری تنش خشکی خاک از تانسیومتر استفاده شد. تیمار آبیاری غرقابی، بیشترین عملکرد شلتوک و آب مصرفی(6442 کیلوگرم در هکتار و ۱۰۸۸۶ مترمکعب در هکتار) را داشت. کمترین عملکرد شلتوک برای تیمار RDI60 با 2998 کیلوگرم در هکتار و کمترین میزان آب مصرفی مربوط به تیمار PRD60 با 2111 مترمکعب در هکتار بود. طبق نتایج، تیمار PRD30 علی‌رغم ۳۸ درصد کاهش عملکرد شلتوک، باعث کاهش 5/67 درصدی در آب مصرفی شد. در مجموع، روش کم‌آبیاری بخشی ریشه علاوه بر عملکرد شلتوک بالاتر نسبت به کم‌آبیاری تنظیم ‌شده، موجب صرفه‌جویی بیشتری در مصرف آب شدند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of the effect of deficit irrigation methods on yield, water consumption and yield components of rice (Binam variety)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Reza Firozpour 1
  • Ali Shahnazari 2
  • Ali Akbarzadeh 3
  • Mostafa Yousefeian 4
1 M.Sc. Student of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, Sari Agriculture Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran.
2 Professor, Water Engineering Department, Sari Agriculture Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran.
3 Deputy Expert of the National Rice Research Institute, Amol, Iran.
4 Ph.D. Student of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran.
چکیده [English]

It is expected that due to the value of water in the agricultural sector and the reduction of water resources in recent years, methods of adaptation to the conditions ahead will be investigated. A study was carried out to investigate the effects of deficit irrigation on yield components of rice (Binam variety). The experiment was run in the form of a randomized complete block design with nine treatments and three replications in the Babolsar city of Mazandaran province in year 2020. The treatments were regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) and partial root zone drying (PRD) in three drought stresses of 10, 30 and 60 kPa (RDI10, RDI30, RDI60, PRD10, PRD30 and PRD60) and full irrigation (FID). Drip tape irrigation system was used as irrigation method. Flood irrigation system was used as an irrigation (FI1) and weed (FI2) control treatment. Soil water deficit was measured by a tensiometer and Volumetric meter was used to calculate water consumption. Flood irrigation treatment had the highest yield of rough rice and water consumption (6442 kg / ha and 10886 m3 / ha). The lowest rice yield was for RDI60 treatment with 2998 kg / ha and the lowest water consumption was corresponded to PRD60 treatment with 2111 m3 / ha. According to the results, the applying of PRD method in addition to higher yield than RDI, saved 76.33% in water consumption. The PRD method could be recommended for the region.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Partial root zone drying
  • Tape irrigation
  • Water deficit stress
  • Water storage
  • Weed

مراجع

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مدیریت آب و آبیاری
دوره 12، شماره 3
شهریور 1401
صفحه 467-481

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