تأثیر زهکشی کنترل‌شده با عمق ثابت و متغیر بر کمیت و کیفیت زهاب خروجی (مطالعه موردی: اراضی دشت مغان- اردبیل)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استاد، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، گروه آب، تخصص: آب و خاک/ محیط زیست و مدلینگ

2 دانشجوی دکتری آبیاری و زهکشی گروه آبیاری و آبادانی دانشگاه تهران

3 دانشیار موسسه تحقیقاتی فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی

4 استادیار دانشگاه امام خمینی قزوین

چکیده

زهکشی کنترل شده جزو عملیاتی است که از اهداف آن می‌توان به بهبود شرایط محیط رشد، افزایش عملکرد گیاه و کاهش تلفات کودهای شیمیایی اشاره نمود که به تبع آن، کاهش آلودگی محیط زیست را نیز در پی خواهد داشت. تحقیق حاضر به منظور بررسی اثر زهکشی کنترل شده با عمق ثابت و متغیر، بر تغییرات دبی و شوری زهاب خروجی از زهکش‌ها و همچنین تعیین میزان انتقال نیترات و فسفر به زهاب در طول فصل کشت، در محصولات غالب دشت مغان (جو و ذرت) انجام شد. به همین منظور سه تیمار مشتمل بر زهکشی آزاد (FD) یا زهکشی مرسوم منطقه، زهکشی کنترل شده با سطح کنترل 70 سانتی‌متر زیر سطح خاک (CD70) و زهکشی کنترل شده با سطح کنترل متغیر در طول فصل کشت در اعماق 40، 70 و 90 سانتی‌متر (CDch)، هر یک در سه تکرار در نظر گرفته شد. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد که میزان زهاب خروجی در مزرعه جو و در تیمارهای CD70 و CDch نسبت به زهکشی آزاد، به ترتیب0/55 و 9/44 درصد و در مزرعه ذرت، به ترتیب به میزان 2/51 و 8/43 درصد کاهش یافت. میزان تلفات نیترات خروجی نیز در مزرعه جو و در تیمارهای CD70 و CDch نسبت به زهکشی آزاد، به ترتیب 4/48 و 4/42 درصد و در مزرعه ذرت 8/50 و 0/46 درصد کاهش نشان داد. تغییرات غلظت فسفر در تیمارها اندک بود، اما تلفات فسفر بین تیمارهای زهکشی کنترل شده و زهکشی آزاد اختلاف معنی‌داری در سطح یک درصد را نشان داد. شوری زهاب خروجی در تیمارهای زهکشی کنترل شده، پایین‌تر از تیمار زهکشی آزاد بود. تیمارهای زهکشی کنترل شده علاوه بر کاهش حجم زهاب خروجی، باعث بهبود وضعیت کیفی زهاب از نظر میزان نیترات، فسفر و شوری آن گردید.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Quantitative and qualitative changes of drain water by installation of controlled drainage in Moghan plain lands

نویسندگان [English]

  • Abdolmajid Liaghat 1
  • Hamidreza Javani 2
  • Alireza HassanOgli 3
  • Bijan Nazari 4
2 PhD student of Irrigation and Reclamation Eng. Dept, University of Tehran
3 Associate Professor of Agricultural Eng. and Research Institute
4 Assistant Professor of University of Imam Khomini Qazvin
چکیده [English]

Controlled drainage is one of the practices which aim to improve the conditions of the growing environment, increase the plant's yield and reduce the losses of chemical fertilizers and consequently reduces environmental pollution. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of controlled drainage with constant and variable depth on discharge and salinity changes, as well as transfer of drainage nitrate and phosphorus during the growing season in the dominant products of Moghan plain, barley and corn. For this purpose, three treatment included, Free Drainage (FD) or conventional drainage is used to area, Controlled Drainage with a control level of 70 cm below the soil surface (CD70) and Controlled Drainage with variable control during the growing season (CDch) and each treatment in Three repetitions were considered. The results of the study showed that discharge rate of drainage in barley field in CD70 and CDch treatments was 55.0 and 44.9 percent lower than free drainage respectively, and in corn, decreased by 51.2 and 43.8 percent, respectively. The amount of nitrate losses in barley filed in the CD70 and CDch treatments was 48.4 and 42.4 percent, compared to free drainage and 50.8 and 46.0 percent, respectively. Changes in phosphorus concentration in treatments were low, but phosphorous losses between controlled drainage treatments and free drainage showed a significant difference at level of one percent. drainage salinity in controlled drainage treatments was lower than free drainage treatment. Controlled drainage treatments, in addition to reducing the amount of drainage volume, have improved the quality of drainage in terms of nitrate, phosphorus and salinity.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Barley
  • Corn
  • Nitrate and Phosphorous
  • Water table
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