تأثیر کم‌آبیاری بر عملکرد و کارآیی مصرف آب گیاه کینوا در شرایط گلخانه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مهندسی آب، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران.

2 بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان کرمانشاه، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرمانشاه، ایران.

10.22059/jwim.2025.387260.1195

چکیده

در این مطالعه به بررسی تأثیر سطوح مختلف کم‎آبیاری بر عملکرد و پارامترهای گیاهی محصول کینوا در گلخانه تحقیقاتی پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه رازی در دو سال زراعی 1397 و 1398 پرداخته شد. آزمایش در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با پنج تکرار اجرا شد. تیمارهای اعمال‌شده شامل سطوح 40، 60، 80 و 100 (تیمار شاهد) درصد نیاز آبی محاسبه‌شده با تشت تبخیر کلاس A بود. نتایج نشان داد اثر کم‌آبیاری بر روی صفات ارتفاع بوته، عملکرد بیولوژیک، وزن هزاردانه، طول پدانکل، تعداد شاخه جانبی، وزن خشک ریشه و شاخص برداشت در سطح احتمال یک درصد معنی‌دار شد. هم‌چنین، نتایج نشان داد با افزایش درصد کم‌آبیاری، عملکرد دانه و عملکرد بیولوژیک کاهش می­یابند. برای سطوح آبیاری 100، 80، 60 و 40 درصد میانگین دو ساله عملکرد بیولوژیک به‌ترتیب 5/7445، 7316، 6410 و 5333 و عملکرد دانه 14/2068، 56/2026، 47/1987 و 45/18741 کیلوگرم بر هکتار شد. هم‌چنین کارایی مصرف آب براساس عملکرد بیولوژیک برای سطوح آبیاری مذکور به‌ترتیب 55/0، 67/0، 88/ و 23/1 و براساس عملکرد دانه 98/1، 43/2، 83/2 و 53/3 کیلوگرم بر مترمکعب به­دست آمد. نتایج کلی این پژوهش نشان داد که می‌توان با اجرای کم‌آبیاری به میزان 80 درصد نیاز آبی، بدون کاهش محسوس در عملکرد دانه و بیولوژیک و با افزایش معنی‌دار کارایی مصرف آب از این محصول به‌منظور کشت در مناطق خشک و نیمه‌خشک استفاده نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of deficit irrigation on quinoa performance and water use efficiency in greenhouse conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Yazdan Mohamadi 1
  • Houshang Ghamarnia 1
  • Mehdi Jovzi 2
1 Department of Water Engineering, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
2 Soil and Water Research Department, Kermanshah Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Kermanshah, Iran.
چکیده [English]

This study examined the effects of different levels of deficit irrigation on the performance and plant parameters of quinoa in the research greenhouse of the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, over two cropping years (2018 and 2019). The experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design with five replications. The treatments included irrigation levels of 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% (control) of the calculated water requirement based on Class A evaporation pan. The results showed that deficit irrigation had a significant effect (at a 1% probability level) on plant height, biological yield, thousand-seed weight, peduncle length, number of lateral branches, root dry weight, and harvest index. Additionally, the results indicated that as the deficit irrigation percentage increased, grain yield and biological yield decreased. For the irrigation levels of 100%, 80%, 60%, and 40%, the two-year average biological yields were 7445.5, 7316, 6410, and 5333 kg/ha, respectively, while the grain yields were 2068.14, 2026.56, 1987.47, and 1874.45 kg/ha, respectively. Moreover, water use efficiency based on biological yield for the mentioned irrigation levels was 0.55, 0.67, 0.88, and 1.23 kg/m³, respectively, and based on grain yield, it was 1.98, 2.43, 2.83, and 3.53 kg/m³, respectively. The overall results of this study suggest that applying deficit irrigation at 80% of the water requirement can achieve significant improvements in water use efficiency without noticeable reductions in grain and biological yields, making quinoa a suitable crop for cultivation in arid and semi-arid regions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biological yield
  • Grain yield
  • Harvest index
  • Kermanshah

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مدیریت آب و آبیاری
دوره 15، شماره 2
شهریور 1404
صفحه 207-219

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