Geographical and statistical analysis of groundwater quality changes in Bam Plain

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Arid and Mountainous Reclamation Regions, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.

2 School of Energy Engineering and Sustainable Resources, College of Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

10.22059/jwim.2024.373180.1151

Abstract

Increasing population growth and thereby increasing exploitation of ground water resources has led to not only decreased quantity but also reduced quality of these valuable resources. Therefore, necessity of studying the quality of water in these areas can help proper management of these water resources. The aim of this study was to determine the groundwater quality variables using principal component analysis and then to evaluate the efficacy of the three kriging models namely simple kriging, universal kriging, and ordinary kriging in interpolation of the most important qualitative variables defined in Bam plain. For this purpose, of the 60 existing wells, 40 wells with good distribution in the study area were selected randomly as for training and the remaining wells were used to test the models. Results of principal component analysis showed that the two variables EC and TDS as the main variables explained the highest changes in variance of other water quality variables. Results of interpolation based on these two parameters showed that ordinary and universal kriging were relatively same in estimating the salinity in the training step, but in the testing step, in the KO method, the RMSE and MAE coefficients are 24.422 and 35.153 microsiemens per centimeter, respectively. These values have differences of 1.22 and 0.52 µs/cm less than the KU method, and consequently, they are superior to Universal Kriging. In interpolation of variable TDS in both the training and testing steps, ordinary kriging had the best performance compared to the two other methods. Interpolation results based on these two variables also showed that the salinity in the north and northeastern parts of the plain in two ordinary and universal kriging was higher than other places indicating a good conformity with changes in land use.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

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Water and Irrigation Management
Volume 14, Issue 2
October 2024
Pages 527-541

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