Investigating the effects of biochar on irrigation water use efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency in Karla plant under water stress conditions

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Water and Soil, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran.

10.22059/jwim.2024.370473.1132

Abstract

In this research, the effect of biochar on the efficiency of irrigation water consumption and the efficiency of nitrogen consumption at different levels of water and nitrogen fertilizer for karla plant was investigated in Zahedan. The experiment was carried out in the greenhouse conditions in a factorial manner and in the form of a completely random design with three replications (planted in February 2018 and harvested in April 2019). The treatments include three irrigation water treatments (I1) 50, (I2) 75 and 100 (I3) percent of irrigation water, four biochar treatments (zero (B1), 1.25 (B2), 2.5 (B3) and 5 (B4) weight percentage of pot soil) and three nitrogen fertilizer treatments (50 (N1), 75 (N2) and 100 (N3) percent of plant fertilizer requirement). Water stress levels during the growing season were measured by weighing the pots daily. Harvesting was done once a week. A total of five harvests were done. The yield and efficiency of irrigation water consumption and the efficiency of nitrogen consumption and soil salinity were calculated at the end of the growing season in each treatment. Also, soil nitrogen and fruit sugar were measured in each harvest. The results showed that the effects of irrigation water and biochar levels on the measured parameters were significant at the probability level of one and five percent. The highest amount of yield (15.5 tons per hectare) was obtained from the treatment of 100% of the amount of irrigation water, which was not significant with the treatment of 75% of irrigation water. The use of biochar up to 2.5 percent by weight of the soil increased the yield. More use of biochar (5% by weight of soil) decreased plant yield. The highest water consumption efficiency (3.14 kg/m3) and nitrogen consumption efficiency (94.55 kg/kg) were obtained with the use of 75% nitrogen fertilizer (150 kg/ha) and 2.5% by weight of biochar. The use of the appropriate amount of biochar reduced the negative effects of moisture stress in comparison with the control. Therefore, it is recommended to use it for the plant and especially in the conditions where the plant is under drought stress or in greenhouses and storages in order to reduce the amount of water consumed and improve the performance of the plant, although it is suggested to test in The farm should also be completed.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

  1. Abbasalian, H., Soltani, J., Hashemi, S.E., Borzouei, A., & Ahmadvand, M. (2021). A study on the effect of biochar and wheat straw application on nitrogen fertilizer utilization in barley using 15N isotope technology. Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 99(2),47-56.
  2. Abdul Jaleel, C., Manivannan, P., Wahid, A., Farooq, S., & Panneerselvam, R. (2009). Drought stress in plants. A review on morphological characteristics and pigments composition. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 11, 100-105.
  3. Ali, K., Arif, M. & Jan, T. (2015). Integrated use of biochar: A tool for improving soil and wheat quality of degraded soil under soil wheat-maize cropping pattern. Pakestan Journal of Botany, 47(1), 233-240.
  4. Akhtar, S. S., Andersen, M. N., & Liu, F. (2014). Biochar enhances yield and quality of tomato under reduced irrigation. Agriculture of Water Management, 138, 37-44.
  5. Azeem, M., Hayat, R., Hussain, Q., Ahmed, M., Imran, M., & Crowley, D. (2016). Effect of biochar amendment on soil microbial biomass, abundance, and enzyme activity in the mash bean field. Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences, 8, 1-13.
  6. Bagheri, S., Hassandokht, M.R., Mirsoleimani, A., & Mousavi, A. (2021). Effect of palm leaf biochar application on some physiological and biochemical characteristics of melon plants (Cucumis melo cv. Samsouri) under drought stress. Processing of plant, 10(45), 301-285.
  7. Balogh, A., Pepo, P., & Hornok, M. (2006). Interactions of crop year, fertilization and variety in winter wheat management. Cereal Research Communications , 34, 389-392.
  8. Bednik, M., Medy´nska-Juraszek, A., Dudek, M., Kloc, S., Kret, A., Łabaz, B., & Waroszewski, J. (2020). Wheat Straw Biochar and NPK Fertilization Efficiency in Sandy Soil Reclamation. Agronomy, 10(4), 496.
  9. Chandrasekar, B. R., Ambrose, G., & Jayabalan, N. (2005). Influence of biofertilizers and nitrogen source level on the growth and yield of Echinochloa frumentacea (Roxb) Link. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 1, 223-234.
  10. Chintala, R., Mollinedo, J., Schumacher, T.E., Malo, D.D., & Julson, J.L. (2014). Effect of biochar on chemical properties of acidic soil. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 60, 393-404.
  11. Condon, A. G., Richard, R. A., Rebetzke, G. J., & Farquhar, G. D. (2004). Breeding for high wateruse efficiency. Journal of Experimental Botany, 55,2247-245
  12. Debaeke, P., & Aboudrare, A. (2004). Adaptation of crop management to water-limited environments. European Journal of Agronomy, 21, 433-446.
  13. Dwyer, L.M., Ma, B.L., Gregorich, E., & Tollenaar, M. (1993). Field maize N levels and relationships to growth and yield. P. 133. In Agronomy abastract. ASA, Madison, WI
  14. Kondrlova, E., Horak, J., & Igaz, D. (2018). Effect of biochar and nutrient amendment on vegetative growth of spring barley (‘Hordeum vulgare’ L. var. Malz). Australian Journal of Crop Science, 12(2), 178-184.
  15. El-Eyuoon, A., & Mamdouh, E. (2017). Biochar effects on nitrogen and phosphorus use efficiencies of zucchini plants grown in a calcareous sandy soil. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 17 (4), 912-921.
  16. Erdal, I., Ertek, A., Senyigit, U., & Coyuncu, M. A. (2007). Combined effects of irrigation and nitrogen on some quality parameters of processing tomatoes. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 3(1), 57- 62
  17. Miri, F., Zamani, J., & Zarebanadkouki, M. (2021). The Effect of Different Levels of Pistachio Harvesting Wastes Biochar on Growth and Water Productivity of Maize (Zea mays). Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research, 52(1), 227-236. (In Persian).
  18. Fan, X., Lin, F., & Kumar, D. (2004). Fertilization with a new type of coated urea evaluation for nitrogen efficiency and yield in winter wheat. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 25, 853-865.
  19. Feng, Z., & Zhu, L. (2017). Impact of biochar on soil N 2 O emissions under different biochar-carbon/fertilizer-nitrogen ratios at a constant moisture condition on a silt loam soil. Science of the Total Environment, 584-585.
  20. Faloye, O.T., Alatise, M.O., Ajayi, A.E., & Ewulo, B.S. (2019). Effects of biochar and inorganic fertiliser applications on growth, yield and water use efficiency of maize under deficit irrigation. Agricultural Water Management, 217, 165-178.
  21. Foster, E. J., Neil Hansenc, B., Matt Wallenstein, B. D., & Cotrufoa, F. (2016). Biochar and manure amendments impact soil nutrients and microbial enzymatic activities in a semi-arid irrigated maize cropping system. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 233,404-414.
  22. Gokila, B., & Baskar, K. (2015). Influence of biochar as soil amendment on yield and quality of maize. International Journal of Plant, Animal and Environmental Sciences, 5,152-155.
  23. Genesio, L., Miglietta, F., Baronti, S., & Vaccari, F. (2015). Biochar increases vineyard productivity without affecting grape quality: Results from a four years field experiment in Tuscany. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 201, 20-25.
  24. Guvili, A., Mousavi, A. A., & Kamkar Haghighi, A. (2016). Effect of cattle manure biochar and moisture stress on growth characteristics and spinach water use efficiency in greenhouse conditions. Water Research in Agriculture, 30(2), 259-243. (In Persian).
  25. Hagner, M., Kemppainen, R., Jauhiainen, L., Tiilikkala, K., & Setälä, H. (2016). The effects of birch (Betula spp.) biochar and pyrolysis temperature on soil properties and plant growth. Soil and Tillage Research, 163, 224–234.
  26. Hosseinnejad Mir, A., Hashemi Garmdareh, S. E., Liaghat, A., & Karimi, S. (2021). Evaluation of Effluent Drained Nitrate Concentration in Soil Amended with Forage Maize Biochar Under Cultivatio of Bell Pepper. Iranian Journal of Irrigation and Drainage, 15(6), 1338-1347. (In Persian).
  27. Ibrahim, O. M., Bakry, A. B., El Kramany, M. F., & Elewa, T. A. (2015). Evaluating the role of biochar application under two levels of water requirements on wheat production under sandy soil conditions. Global Journal of Advanced Research, 2 (2), 411-418.
  28. Ippolito, J.A., Stromberger, M.E., Lentz, R.D., & Dungan, R.S. (2014). Hardwood biochar influences calcareous soil physicochemical and microbiological status. Journal of Environmental Quality. 43, 681-689.
  29. Jackson, M.L. (1958). Soil chemical analysis, Prentice Hall Inc, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey. USA. pp: 498.
  30. Jemal, K., & Abebe, A. (2016). Determination of bio-char rate for improved production of Lemmon grass (Cymbopogon citracut). International Journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research, 4(2), 149-157.
  31. Keyvan, S. (2010) The effects of drought stress on yield, relative water content, proline, soluble carbohydrates and chlorophyll of bread wheat cultivars. Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 8 (3), 1051-1060.
  32. Knowles, O.A., Robinson, B.H., Contangelo, A., & Clucas, L. (2011). Biochar for the mitigation of nitrate leaching from soil amended with biosolids. Science of the Total Environment, 409, 3206-3210.
  33. Kumar, S., Masto, R., E. Lal, C. R., Sarkar, P., George, J., & Selvi, V. A. (2013). Biochar preparation from Parthenium hysterophorus and its potential use in soil application. Journal of Ecological Engineering, 55(3), 67-72.
  34. Lak, Sh., Naderi, A., Siadat, A.A., Ayene Band, A., NoorMohammadi, Gh., & Moosavi, H. (2007). The effect of different levels of irrigation, Nitrogen and plant density on yield, yield components and photosynthetic materials retransmission of corn grains in climatic conditions Khuzestan, Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Techniques and Natural Resources, 42, 1-14. (In Persian).
  35. Leskovar, D. I., & Piccinni, G. (2005). Yield and leaf quality of processing spinach under deficit Irrigation. Hort Science, 40, 1868-1870.
  36. Li, Y., Tsend, N., Li, T., Liu, H., Yang, R., Gai, X., Wang, H., & Shan, S. (2020). Microwave assisted hydrothermal preparation of rice straw hydrochars for adsorption of organics and heavy metals. Bioresource Technology, 273, 136-143.
  37. Liang, B., Lehmann, J., Solomon, D., Kinyangi, J., Grossman, J., O’Neill, B., Skjemstad, J.O., Thies, J., Luiza˜o, F.J., Petersen, J., & Neves, E.G. (2006). Black carbon increases cation exchange capacity in soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 70(5), 1719-1730.
  38. Liu, Z., Cheng, X., Sun, D., Meng, J., & Chen, W. (2017). Maize stover biochar increases urea (15 N isotope) retention in soils but does not promote its acquisition by plants during a 4-year pot experiment. Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research, 77(4),382-389.
  39. Major, J., Rondon, M., Molina, D., Riha, S.J., & Lehmann, J. (2010). Maize yield and nutrition during 4 years after biochar application to a Colombian savanna oxisol. Plant and Soil, 333, 117-128.
  40. Malakoti, M., & Homaei, M. (2003). Arid and semiarid soils fertility problems and solutions. Tarbiat Modarres University Press.
  41. Maness, N. (2010). Extraction and analysis of soluble carbohydrates. P: 341-370. In: Sunkar, R. (ed.) Plant stress tolerance, methods and protocols. Springer science & bussines media (Hummana press). pp: 386.
  42. Masclaux-Daubresse, C., Daniel-Vedele, F., Dechorgnat, J., Chardon, F., Gaufichon, L., & Suzuki, A. (2010). Nitrogen uptake, assimilation and remobilization in plants: challenges for sustainable and productive agriculture. Annals of Botany, 105,1141-1157.
  43. Masto, R.E., Kumar, S., Rout, T.K., Sarkar, P., George, J., & Ram, L.C. (2013). Biochar from water hyacinth (Eichornia crassipes) and its impact on soil biological activity. Catena, 111, 64-71
  44. Nigus, A., Karimian, M., Maftoun, A., Ronaghi, Y., Psie, A., Endalkachew Kissi, E., Misganaw, M., & Ambaw, G. (2012). Effect of biochar application on soil properties and nutrient uptake of lettuces (Lactuca sativa) grown in chromium polluted soils. American-Eurasian Journal of Agriculture and Environment Science, 12 (3), 369-376.
  45. Njoku, C., Uguru, B. N., & Chibuike, C. C. (2016). Use of biochar to improve selected soil chemical properties, carbon storage and maize yield in an Ultisol in Abakaliki Ebonyi State, Nigeria. International Journal of Environmental and Agriculture Research, 2, 15-22.
  46. Oladele, S., Adeyemo, A., Awodun, M., Ajayi, A., & Fasina, A. (2019). Effects of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer on soil physicochemical properties, nitrogen use efficiency and upland rice (Oryza sativa) yield grown on an Alfisol in Southwestern Nigeria. Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture, 8(3), 295-308.
  47. Owuor, P.O., Kamau, D. M., Kamunya, S. M., Msomba, S. W., Uwimana, M. A., Okal, A.W., & Kwach, B. O. (2011). Effects of genotype, environment and management on yields and quality of black tea. Genetics, Biofuels and Local Farming Systems, 7, 277-307.
  48. Parvizi, Y., Ronaghi, A., Maftoun, M., & Karimain, A. (2004). Growth, nutrient status and chlorophyll meter reading in wheat as affected by nitrogen and manages. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 35, 1387-1399.
  49. Pourmansour, S., Rezaghi, F., Sepsakhah, A., & Mousavi, S. A. (2018). Investigating the growth and yield of wheat under different levels of biochar and low-irrigation under greenhouse conditions. Water and Irrigation Management, 9(1), 15-28. (In Persian)
  50. Rathke, GW., Christen, O., & Diepenbrok, W. (2005). Effect of nitrogen source and rate on productivity and quality of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus) grown in different crop rotations. Field Crop Research. 94 (2-3), 103-113.
  51. Salvagiotti, F., Castellarín, J. M., Miralles, D. J., & Pedrol, H. M. (2009). Sulfur fertilization improves nitrogen use efficiency in wheat by increasing nitrogen uptake. Field Crops Research, 113, 170-177.
  52. Singh, B.P., Hatton, B.J., Singh, B., Cowie, A.L., & Kathuria, A. (2010). Influence of biochar on nitrous oxide emission and nitrogen leaching from two contrasting soils. Journal of Environmental Quality. 39(4), 1224-1235.
  53. Sohi, S.P., Krull, E., Lopez-Capel, E., Bol, R., & Donald, L.S. (2010). A Review of Biochar and Its Use and Function in Soil. Agron. Academic, Press, pp. 47-82.
  54. Stagnari, F., Bitetto, V.D., & Pisante, M. (2007). Effects of N fertilizers and rates on yield, safety and nutrients in processing spinach genotypes. Science Horticulture, 114, 225-233.
  55. Streubel, J.D., Collins, H.P., Garcia-Perez, M., Tarara, J., Granatstein, D., & Kruger, C.E. (2011). Influence of contrasting biochar types on five soils at increasing rate of application. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 75, 1402-1413.
  56. Sun, H., Shi, W., Zhou, M., Ma, X., & Zhang, H. (2019). Effect of biochar on nitrogen use efficiency, grain yield and amino acid content of wheat cultivated on saline soil. Plant, Soil and Environment, 65, 83-89.
  57. Sunitha, H.M. (2006). Effect of plant population, nutrition, pinching and growth regulators on plant growth, seed yield and quality of African marigold (Tagetes erecta) (Doctoral dissertation, UAS, Dharwad):120.
  58. Wang, Q., Li, F., Zhang, E., Li, G., & Vance, M. (2012). The effects of irrigation and nitrogen application rates on yield of spring wheat (longfu-920), and water use efficiency and nitrate nitrogen accumulation in soil. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 6,662-672.
  59. Waters, D., van Zwieten, L., Singh, B.P., Downie, A., Cowie, A.L., & Lehmann, J. (2021). Biochar in soil for climate change mitigation and adaptation. Soil Health Clim Change, 29, 345-368, 2011.
  60. Chen, X. (2021). Biochar as a tool to reduce environmental impacts of nitrogen loss in water-saving irrigation paddy field. Journal of Cleaner Production, 290, 125811.
  61. Xu, C., & Mou, B. (2016). Responses of spinach to salinity and nutrient deficiency in growth, physiology, and nutritional value. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 141, 12-21.
  62. Uzoma, K., Inoue, M., Andry, H., Fujimaki, H., Zahoor, A., & Nishihara, E. (2011) Effect of cow manure biochar on maize productivity under sandy soil condition. Soil Use and Manag, 27, 205-212.
  63. Yang, S. M., Malhi, S. S., Song, J. R., Xiong, Y. C., Yue, W. Y., Lu, L. L., Wang J. G., & Guo T. W. (2006). Crop yield, nitrogen uptake and nitrate-nitrogen accumulation in soil as affected by 23 annual applications of fertilizer and manure in the rainfed region of Northwestern China. Nutr. Cycling Agroecosys, 76, 81-94.
  64. Younis, U., Athar, M., Malik, S.A., Raza Shah, M.H., & Mahmood, S. (2015). Biochar impact on physiological and biochemical attributes of Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) in nickel contaminated soil. Global Journal of Environmental Science Management, 1(3), 245-254.
  65. Zhang, A.P., Liu, R.L., Gao, J., Zhang, Q.W., Xiao, J.N., Chen, Z., Yang, S.Q., Hui, J.Z., & Yang, L.Z. (2015). Effects of Biochar on Nitrogen Losses and Rice Yield in Anthropogenic Alluvial Soil Irrigated with Yellow River Water. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 33, 2014.12.017.
  66. Zhang, A., Liu, Y., Pan, G., Hussain, Q., Li, L., Zheng, J., & Zhang, X. (2012). Effect of biochar amendment on maize yield and greenhouse gas emissions from a soil organic carbon poor calcareous loamy soil from Central China Plain. Plant Soil, 351, 263-275.
  67. Zheng, P., Bai, X., Long, J., Li, K., & Xu, H. (2016). Nitric oxide enhances the nitrate stress tolerance of spinach by scavenging ROS and RNS. Scientia Horticulturae, 213, 24-33.
  68. Zibaei, Z., Ghasemi-Fasaei, R., & Ostovar, P. (2019). Effects of Crop Residues, Rice Husk Biochar, and Urea Application on Growth, Chemical Composition, and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Spinach in a Calcareous Soil. Soil Research, 33(1),76-88. (In Persian).
Water and Irrigation Management
Volume 14, Issue 2
October 2024
Pages 357-373

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics