ارزیابی تأثیر آبیاری تکمیلی با آب شور بر کیفیت و کمیت انجیر دیم

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکدگان ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

2 بخش مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران.

3 مؤسسه تحقیقات ثبت و گواهی بذر و نهال، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی فارس، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، زرقان، ایران.

4 گروه مهندسی آب، مرکز آموزش عالی میناب، دانشگاه هرمزگان و عضو هسته پژوهشی اگرواکولوژی در مناطق خشک، دانشگاه هرمزگان، بندرعباس، ایران.

چکیده

بزرگ‌ترین انجیرستان دیم دنیا، با مساحت بیش از 22 هزارهکتار، در شهرستان استهبان (استان فارس) قرار دارد. در دو دهه ‏گذشته، به‌علت خشکسالی‌های مستمر و کمبود آب شیرین، در مناطقی از این شهرستان از آب شور سفره‌های زیرزمینی برای ‏آبیاری تکمیلی درختان استفاده شده است. تاکنون پژوهش جامعی در رابطه با اثرات آبیاری تکمیلی با آب شور بر باغ‌های دیم ‏انجیر انجام نشده است. این پژوهش، تأثیر آبیاری با آب شور (38/7-8/7 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر) و هدایت الکتریکی بالای خاک بر ‏کیفیت و کمیت میوه‌ درختان دیم، رقم سبز را طی سال 90-1389 بررسی می‌کند. آزمایش‌ها در یک انجیرستان دیم در روستای ‏خانه‌کت استهبان، با نمونه‌برداری خاک و ریشه از اعماق مختلف خاک اطراف درختان، در نقاط مختلف باغ انجام شد. نتایج ‏نشان‌دهنده مقاومت بالای درختان انجیر نسبت به مقادیر بالای هدایت الکتریکی آب و خاک بود. با این‌حال، در شرایط برابر از ‏لحاظ آبیاری، افزایش شوری خاک باعث کاهش میزان محصول شد. براساس نتایج، یک رابطه خطی منفی با ضریب تبیین (‏R2‎‏)، ‏برابر با 5/0، بین مقادیر شوری و محصول وجود دارد. کاهش 36 درصدی مقادیر ‏EC‏ خاک توانست مقدار محصول را تا 68 ‏درصد افزایش دهد. هم‌چنین، معادله رگرسیونی بین هدایت الکتریکی در اعماق مختلف و میزان محصول تعیین شد و با تعیین ‏نیمرخ هدایت الکتریکی خاک، بیش‌ترین مقدار این پارامتر، در عمق 60 تا 90 سانتی‌متر تعیین شد. از نظر کیفیت محصول، مقادیر ‏مختلف شوری خاک، تأثیر معنی‌داری بر رنگ و اندازه میوه نداشت، اما باعث افزایش مواد جامد محلول میوه (‏TSS‏)‏‎ ‎شد.‏

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of the Effect of Supplemental Irrigation with Saline Water on Quality and Quantity of Rainfed Fig Fruit

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Abdolahipour 1
  • Ali Akbar Kamgar-Haghighi 2
  • Gholamreza Golkar 3
  • Hamid Reza Kamali 4
1 Department of Water Engineering, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
2 Water Engineering Department, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
3 Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Institute, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Zarghan, Iran.
4 Water Engineering Department, Minab higher education center, and member of Research Group of Agro-ecology in Dry land Areas, University of Hormozgan, Minab, I.R. of Iran.
چکیده [English]

The largest area of rainfed fig orchards in the world, with more than 22000 hectares, is located in Estahban, Fars province. During the last two decades due to frequent droughts and lack of fresh water resources in this area, the saline groundwater has been applied for irrigating fig trees. In the past, no comprehensive research has been done on the effects of supplemental irrigation with saline water on rainfed fig orchards. This study investigated the effects of saline irrigation water (7.38-7.8 dS/m) and high soil electrical conductivity on the quality and quantity of rainfed fig during 2010-2011. Experiments were carried out in a private rainfed fig orchard located in the village of Khane-Ket by sampling soil and roots in different parts of the garden. The results showed high tolerance of fig trees to high EC values of water and soil. However, increasing soil salinity under uniform irrigation conditions reduced the yield. Based on the results, there is a negative linear correlation between salinity and yield, with the coefficient of determination (R2) equal to 0.5. A 36 percent reduction in EC values could increase the yield by 68 percent. Also, the regression equation between EC at different depths and the amount of production was obtained. Also, by determining the EC profile in the soil, its maximum value was found at a depth of 60-90 cm. In terms of fruit quality, soil salinity did not significantly affect fruit color and size; however, it increased the total soluble solids (TSS) of fruits.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Drought
  • Estahban
  • Rainfed fig orchard
  • Soil electrical conductivity
  • Supplemental irrigation

مراجع

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مدیریت آب و آبیاری
دوره 12، شماره 4
بهمن 1401
صفحه 695-711

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