درک دقیق‌تر از سامانه‌های حکمرانی به‌منظور مدیریت پایدار آب با نگاهی ویژه به شرایط ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه علوم و مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران.

10.22059/jwim.2024.369731.1128

چکیده

رقابت برای منابع آبی، به‌دلیل فشارهای طرف تقاضا و عرضه که ناشی از توسعه اقتصادی، رشد جمعیت و تغییرات اقلیمی می‌باشد، بحران آب را به اساسی‌ترین چالش قرن حاضر تبدیل کرده است که پیامدهای آن با حقوق بشر و امنیت غذایی ارتباط دارد. پیش‌بینی می‌شود تا سال 2050 تنش آبی زندگی بیش از چهار میلیارد نفر در جهان را تحت تأثیر قرار دهد. بدیهی است بدون انتقال جدی از مدیریت بحران به مدیریت ریسک، تعارضات بیش‌تر، اجتناب‌ناپذیر خواهد بود. پژوهش‌گران، بحران آب را تا حد زیادی به ضعف حکمرانی دولت‌ها (شامل سامانه‌های سیاسی، اجتماعی، اقتصادی و اداری که برای توسعه و مدیریت منابع آب وجود دارد) نسبت داده‌اند. بنابراین، سازوکارهای حکمرانی آب در دنیا، نیازمند رویکردهای نوآورانه و پایدار برای انطباق با شرایط در حال تحول و عدم قطعیت‌های مرتبط با حوزه آب است و بدین‌منظور شیوه‌های مختلف حکمرانی آب در کشورها و مناطق مختلف جهان شکل گرفته است. با این‌حال، مفهوم حکمرانی آب، موضوع قابل بحثی است که بسیاری از زوایای آن هنوز به‌درستی تبیین نشده است و به‌ویژه در ایران جای خالی بسیاری از مباحث مطرح شده در ادبیات جهانی احساس می‌گردد. پژوهش حاضر با رویکرد مروری-تحلیلی، در ابتدا به تبیین مبانی و مفاهیم حکمرانی آب، معرفی انواع و ویژگی‌های آن پرداخته، سپس وضعیت حاکمیت آب در ایران و جهان را مورد واکاوی قرار داده و مزایا و چالش‌های آن را به تصویر می‌کشد و بر این اساس پیشنهادهایی شامل تقویت بُعد سازمانی، استقرار سامانه تحت حاکمیت قانون براساس تنظیم‌گری فعال و مبتنی بر اصول سه‌گانه حقوقی حکمرانی مطلوب، توجه به پسآب‌ها و روانآب‌ها با تدوین قوانین بالادستی، اصلاح الگوی کشاورزی و افزایش مشارکت جامعه مدنی و ذی‌نفعان آب را برای اصلاح با تأکید بر شرایط اقتصادی، اجتماعی و حقوقی حاکم بر کشور ارائه می‌کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Exploration of the Governance Systems for Sustainable Water Management with a Special Focus on Iran's Conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sepideh Zeraati Neyshabouri
  • Hossein Khozeymeh Nezhad
  • zeinab beyranvand
Department of Water Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Competition for water resources, driven by demand and supply pressures arising from economic development, population growth, and climate change, has transformed the water crisis into the most fundamental challenge of the current century, with implications for human rights and food security. By 2050, water stress will affect over four billion people around the world. Clearly, without a significant shift from crisis management to risk management, conflicts will intensify, rendering avoidance impossible. Researchers have largely attributed the water crisis to governance instability (including political, social, economic, and administrative systems responsible for the development and management of water resources). Therefore, water governance mechanisms worldwide require innovative and sustainable approaches to adapt for evolving conditions and related uncertainties in the water sector. Consequently, different approaches to water governance have emerged in countries and regions around the world. However, the concept of water governance remains a subject of debate, with many aspects yet to be adequately explained, particularly in Iran, where a significant gap is felt in addressing the issues raised in global literature. This study, employing a review-analytical approach, initially clarifies the foundations and concepts of water governance, introduces its types and characteristics, and subsequently examines the state of water governance in Iran and globally. It portrays the advantages and challenges thereof, and based on these findings, provides recommendations and solutions for improvement, emphasizing the economic, social, and legal conditions prevailing in the country.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Water security
  • Efficiency
  • Sustainability
  • Water governance
  • Water policy
  • Water resource management

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مدیریت آب و آبیاری
دوره 14، شماره 2
مهر 1403
صفحه 375-403

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