A review on various economic, social and environmental aspects of water reuse

Document Type : Review Paper

Authors

1 Department of Environmental Engineering, Water and Wastewater, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran.

2 Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil, Water and Environmental Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.

10.22059/jwim.2026.396458.1236

Abstract

The increasing scarcity of water and its associated challenges have heightened the importance of making appropriate decisions regarding the reuse of wastewater. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the considerations surrounding water reuse by addressing its multidimensional perspectives. Furthermore, this study seeks to identify existing research gaps in the country and propose directions for future investigations. According to the findings, ensuring the economic sustainability of reuse projects requires establishing a strong linkage between wastewater management and other economic sectors to mitigate investment risks. Water pricing reform plays a key role in the success of such programs. Public awareness and education have a significant impact on alleviating concerns regarding the consequences of wastewater reuse and on strengthening public support for reuse initiatives. In general, wastewater does not constitute a new source of water, and its reuse will not alter the overall hydrological balance of the basin. Therefore, reuse projects must carefully assess the reduction in return flows and its impacts on local aquifers, environmental flows, and downstream water-dependent users. Developing an integrated framework for assessing the overall sustainability and long-term effectiveness of wastewater reuse strategies is essential for effective water management in the country.

Keywords

Main Subjects

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Water and Irrigation Management
Volume 16, Issue 1
July 2026
Pages 215-236

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