Water and Irrigation Management

Water and Irrigation Management

Calculating the Groundwater Quality Index and Comparing It to the Carcinogenic and Non-Carcinogenic Risk

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors
Nasser Jabraili Andrian
Ata Allah Nadiri
Saleh Taheri Zangi
Zahra Sedghi
Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
10.22059/jwim.2023.351923.1034
Abstract
In order to investigate the quality of groundwater in September 2022, 35 samples were collected from various groundwater sources in the Azarshahr plain, and the main elements, nitrates, and trace elements such as chromium, cadmium, nickel, lead, and arsenic, as well as two types of pesticides such as imidacloprid and chlorpyrifos, were analyzed and compared to drinking water standards. The drinking water quality index for the study area was calculated based on the concentration of parameters in the samples, and the health risk of cancerous and non-cancerous diseases for two age groups, children and adults, was calculated using the criteria of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). According to the findings of the studies, the region's water quality index is average, and the non-carcinogenic risk index for children and adults is less than one. It is hazardous, but the risk of carcinogenesis in the entire region is greater than 10-4, and its consumption poses health hazards due to skin contact. The health risk of cancer is many times higher in the region's south, in the cities of Azarshahr and Gogan, as well as the adjacent villages. The correlation between the GQI map and the health risk maps revealed that the correlation of carcinogenic risk is greater than the correlation of non-carcinogenic risk, and based on the correlation between the parameters in the region's groundwater, the elements influencing the health risk of carcinogenesis caused by geogenic factors and human activities do not play a significant role.
Keywords
Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risk Groundwater Quality Index
Geogenic and anthropogenic contamination
Subjects
  1. Adimalla, N. (2019). Groundwater Quality for Drinking and Irrigation Purposes and Potential Health Risks Assessment: A Case Study from Semi‑Arid Region of South India. Water Quality Exposure and Health, 2019(11), 109-12.
  2. Alipour A., Rahimi J., & Azarnivand, A. (2017). Groundwater Quality Analysis for Drinking and Agricultural Purposesa Prerequisite for Land Use Planning in the Arid and Semi-arid Regions of Iran. Journal of Range and Watershed Management, 70(2), 423-434. (In Persian).
  3. Babiker I., Mohamed M., & Hiyama, T. (2007). Assessing groundwater quality using GIS. Water Resources Management, 21, 699-715.
  4. Bagheri, M. (2000). Effects of effluent irrigation systems in some physical, chemical properties and soil pollution for several crop under cultivation (Dissertation for MSe degree of Water Resources) Faculty of Agriculture, Isfahan Industrial University, September; P. 156. (In Persian).
  5. Dashti Barmaki, M., Rezaei, M., & Saberi Nasr, A. (2014). Evaluation of Groundwater Quality Index (GQI) in Lenjanat aquifer using GIS. Journal of Engineering Geology, Summer, 8(2), 21- 38. (In Persian).
  6. Dashtizadeh, M., Kamani, H., Ashrafi, S.D., Panahi, A.H., Mahvi, A.H., Balarak, D., et al. (2019). Human health risk assessment of trace elements in drinking tap water in Zahedan city, Iran. Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering, 17(2), 1163-9.
  7. EPA, U. (2018). edition of the drinking water standards and health advisories Tables. EPA 822-F-18-001.
  8. Kamari, Z., Alipour, V., Dindarloo, K., Fazlzadeh, M., Ghanbarnejad, A., (2022). Ghaffari, H. R. Assessing the Risk of Carcinogenesis Caused by Exposure to Heavy Metals Through the Consumption of Drinking Water (A Case Study of Bandar Abbas Drinking Water). J Prevent Med., 9 (1), 74-83. (In Persian).
  9. Kumar, M., Ramanathan, A., Tripathi, R., Farswan, S., Kumar, D., & Bhattacharya, P. (2017). A study of trace element contamination using multivariate statistical techniques and health risk assessment in groundwater of Chhaprola Industrial Area, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, India. Chemosphere, 135-145.
  10. Miranzadeh, M.B., Mahmoodzadeh, A.A., Hasanzadeh, M., & Bigdeli, M.. (2011)., Concentrations of Heavy Metals in Kashan Water Distribution Network in Journal of Health Ardabail, 2(3), 58-68. (In Persian).
  11. Nadiri, A.A. (2022). Sadeghi Aghdam F, Razzagh S, Barzegar R, Jabraili-Andaryan N, Senapathi V, Using a soft computing OSPRC risk framework to analyze multiple contaminants from multiple sources; a case study from Khoy Plain, NW Iran, Chemosphere, 308(3), 136527, ISSN 0045-6535.
  12. Nadiri, A. A., Taheri Zangi, S., & Jabraili Andaryan, N. (2021). Spatial Mapping of Northeast Bijar Plain Aquifer Quality Index and Comparison of Water Quality Using Different Methods. Iranian journal of Ecohydrology, 8(1), 235-247. (In Persian).
  13. Scheuhammer, A. (1987). The chronic toxicity of aluminum, cadmium, mercury, and lead in birds: a review. Environmental Pollution, 46, 263-95.
  14. Şener, E., Şener, Ş., & Varol, S. (2022). Appraisal of grounwater quality with WQI and human health risk assesment in Karamik wetland and surroundings (Afyonkarahisar/Turkey).
Water and Irrigation Management
Volume 13, Issue 2
Summer 2023
Pages 369-384