برآورد نیاز آبی تالاب شادگان با استفاده از پایش ماهواره‌ای پوشش گیاهی و تحلیل هیدرواکولوژیکی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه مهندسی آب، فاضلاب و محیط زیست، دانشکده مهندسی عمران، آب و محیط زیست، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.

10.22059/jwim.2025.404071.1267

چکیده

زمینه و هدف این پژوهش به نقش مهم هیدرولوژیکی و اکولوژیکی تالاب شادگان در حفظ کارکردهای طبیعی خلیج‌فارس مربوط می‌شود. این تالاب دارای تنوع بالایی از گیاهان و جانوران آبزی است و به‌عنوان مهم‌ترین سایت تخم‌گذاری اردک مرمری در جهان شناخته می‌شود. هدف این پژوهش، یافتن تناسب صحیح در تخصیص آب به تالاب برای حفاظت از کارکردهای زیست‌محیطی آن و نیز تخصیص آب به زمین‌های کشاورزی بالادست به‌منظور افزایش بهره‌وری کشاورزی است. بر همین اساس، هدف اصلی تعیین و محاسبه نیاز آبی تالاب شادگان براساس متغیرهای پایش گیاهی است. روش پژوهش شامل استفاده از سامانه Google Earth Engine و تصاویر ماهواره‌ای Landsat-7 و Landsat-8 بود. به‌کمک این ابزارها شاخص‌های NDVI و NDWI منطقه موردمطالعه محاسبه شدند. یافته‌ها نشان داد که نیاز آبی سالانه تالاب شادگان در سه سطح به‌ترتیب ۸۲۱، ۱۶۵۲ و ۲۸۸۷ میلیون مترمکعب در سال است. این تالاب علاوه بر دریافت آب از رودخانه جراحی، بخشی از نیاز خود را نیز از رودخانه رامهرمز تأمین می‌کند که طبق گزارش‌ها معادل ۶۲ درصد از کل منابع آبی آن است، بنابراین سه سطح نیاز آبی پس از اعمال این ضریب به‌ترتیب ۵۰۹، ۱۰۲۴ و ۱۷۸۹ میلیون مترمکعب در سال محاسبه شد. این مقادیر به‌ترتیب معادل ارزش اقتصادی ۱۷۴۱، ۲۲۷۳ و ۲۵۶۸ میلیارد تومان در سطح یک، دو و سه هستند. هم‌چنین پایش پوشش گیاهی نشان داد که متوسط سالانه سطح سبز منطقه موردمطالعه از ۴۸۴ کیلومترمربع در سال ۲۰۰۲ به ۲۱۶ کیلومترمربع در سال ۲۰۱۸ کاهش یافته است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Estimation of the water requirements of the Shadgan Wetland using satellite-based vegetation monitoring and hydroecological analysis

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Mahdi Beiki Sarveolya
  • Ali Moridi
Department of Water Engineering, Wastewater and Environment, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Water and Environment, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

The background and objective of this study relate to the significant hydrological and ecological role of Shadegan Wetland in maintaining the natural functions of the Persian Gulf. The wetland hosts a wide variety of aquatic plants and animals and is recognized as the most important breeding site of the marbled duck in the world. The aim of this research is to identify an appropriate balance in water allocation to the wetland for the conservation of its ecological functions, as well as to upstream agricultural lands to improve agricultural productivity. Accordingly, the main objective is to determine and calculate the water requirement of Shadegan Wetland based on vegetation monitoring variables. The methods employed include the use of the Google Earth Engine platform and Landsat 7 and 8 satellite imagery. With these tools, NDVI and NDWI indices for the study area were calculated. The results showed that the annual water requirement of Shadegan Wetland was estimated at three levels, 821, 1652, and 2887 million cubic meters per year. In addition to receiving water from the Jarahi River, the wetland also obtains part of its water from the Ramhormoz River, which accounts for 62 percent of the total supply. Therefore, the three levels of water requirement were adjusted to 509, 1024, and 1789 million cubic meters per year, respectively. These correspond to an economic value of 1741, 2273, and 2568 billion Tomans at levels one, two, and three, respectively. Vegetation monitoring further revealed that the average annual green surface area of the study region decreased from 484 km² in 2002 to 216 km² in 2018.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Flow Regime
  • Surface Moisture
  • Spectral Indices
  • Remote Sensing

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مدیریت آب و آبیاری
دوره 15، شماره 4
اسفند 1404
صفحه 655-668

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