نقش بازار آب در ارتقاء ارزش اقتصادی منابع آب کشاورزی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مهندسی آبیاری و آبادانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشکدگان کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران.

2 گروه آموزشی علوم و فناوری‌های محیطی، دانشکده مهندسی انرژی و منابع پایدار، دانشکدگان علوم و فناوری‌های میان‌رشته‌ای، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

10.22059/jwim.2025.378080.1167

چکیده

هدف مقاله­ حاضر برآورد ارزش اقتصادی منابع آب کشاورزی با درنظرگرفتن نقش بازار آب است. نقش بازار آب در تخصیص بهینه منابع آب، امکان‌سنجی راه‌اندازی آن، بررسی کارایی و بررسی ابعاد اقتصادی و تأثیر آن بر منافع کشاورزان به‌عنوان چهار بخش اصلی این پژوهش، موردبررسی قرار گرفته است. براساس اطلاعات سال زراعی ۱۳۹۹-۱۳۹۸ و داده‌های توصیفی حاصل از مصاحبه با کشاورزان و کارشناسان، الگوی کشت محصولات کشاورزی منطقه اشتهارد، میزان منابع آب در دسترس، مقادیر مورداستفاده نهاده‌های تولید و تابع تقاضای نهاده آب به‌دست آمد. سپس براساس الگوی برنامه‌ریزی ریاضی مثبت و رهیافت بیشینه آنتروپی یک مدل بهینه‌سازی با هدف بیشینه‌سازی سود کشاورزان منطقه در حالت وجود بازار آب در محیط بسته نرم‌افزاری GAMS کدنویسی شد. پس از تشکیل مدل برنامه‌ریزی خطی با هدف حداکثرسازی بازده تولید منطقه‌‌ای کشاورزان و حل مسئله بهینه‌سازی، قیمت سایه‌ای نهاده آب در دشت اشتهارد به‌ازای هر مترمکعب برابر با 18760 ریال به‌دست آمد. نتایج نشان داد که اختلاف موجود میان قیمت سایه‌ای نهاده آب و قیمت فروش آب کشاورزی سبب کاهش بهره‌وری آب کشاورزی شده است. مقادیر قدرمطلق کشش خود ‌قیمتی تقاضا برای نهاده آب به‌ازای محصولات گندم، جو و یونجه به‌ترتیب برابر 42/1 و 36/1 و 35/1 به‌دست آمد. با توجه به مقادیر کشش تقاضا در تولید محصولات زراعی دشت اشتهارد می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که کشاورزی در منطقه نسبت به نهاده آب کشش ‌پذیری بالایی دارد. با برقراری بازار آب در منطقه، سطح زیر کشت محصول یونجه بیش از 70 درصد کاهش و در مقابل سطح زیر کشت گندم 8 و جو 20 درصد افزایش نشان داد. نتایج به‌دست‌‌آمده نشان داد که در صورت فراهم‌شدن زیرساخت‌های نهادی و قانونی برای برقراری بازار آب کشاورزی توسط نهاد‌ها و سازمان‌های ذی‌ربط دشت اشتهارد، کشاورزان به سمت کاشت محصولات با نیاز آبی کم‌تر و ارزش اقتصادی بیش‌تر خواهند رفت. بنابراین برقراری بازار آب در منطقه دشت اشتهارد علاوه بر این‌که می‌تواند موجب افزایش ارزش اقتصادی آب کشاورزی در این منطقه شود، با افزایش انگیزه‌های صرفه‌جویی کشاورزان در مصرف منابع آبی، باعث استفاده بهینه و صحیح از این نهاده ارزشمند شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The role of water market in improving the economic value of agricultural water resources

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Navid Fadaei Fard 1
  • Kumars Ebrahimi 2
  • Mahdi Behzadpour 2
1 Department of Irrigation and Reclamation Engineering, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
2 Department of Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Energy and Sustainable Resources Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

The main purpose of this article was to estimate the economic value of agricultural water resources by considering the role of the water market, which has been done in international articles and researches to investigate the role of the water market in the optimal allocation of water resources, the feasibility of setting up and investigating the efficiency of the water market, and investigating the economic dimensions of the market. Water and its effect on the interests of farmers have also been investigated as four main parts of this research. For this purpose, based on the information of the crop year 2018-2019 and the descriptive data obtained from interviews with farmers and experts on the cultivation pattern of agricultural products in the region, the amount of available water resources, the amounts used for production inputs and the water input demand function were obtained. Then, based on the positive mathematical programming model and the maximum entropy approach, an optimization model was coded with the aim of maximizing the profit of the farmers in the region in the presence of the water market in the closed GAMS Software environment. After forming a Linear Programming Model with the aim of maximizing the regional production efficiency of farmers and solving the optimization problem, the shadow price of water input in Eshtehard plain, Iran, was obtained as 18760 Rials per cubic meter. Then, by adding the possibility of water exchange to the model, the area under cultivation of crops was calculated in the presence of a water market. The results showed that the existing difference between the shadow price of water input and the selling price of agricultural water has caused a decrease in the productivity of agricultural water. The absolute values ​​of the price elasticity of demand for water input for wheat, barley and alfalfa products were obtained as 1.42, 1.36 and 1.35 respectively. According to the negative values ​​of demand elasticity in the production of crops in Eshtehard plain, it can be concluded that agriculture in the region has high elasticity with respect to water Input. Therefore, the use of price policies such as the water market by affecting the amount of demand for this input by the farmers of the region will save water consumption and plant crops with less water requirement and increase the economic value of agricultural water and the total profit of farmers to the amount of 4.35%. The existence of a gap between the supply capacity and the intensity of water demand due to the limited resources and the increasing growth of water demand along with the growth of the urban population indicates the importance that this increase in water demand has created a crisis and is considered one of the biggest challenges for humanity in the current century and can be the beginning of many positive and negative developments in the future of the world.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Agricultural Water Pricing
  • Economic Value
  • Eshtehard Plain
  • Optimal Allocation
  • Shadow Price
  • Water Market

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مدیریت آب و آبیاری
دوره 15، شماره 1
خرداد 1404
صفحه 55-73

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