بررسی اثرات بیوچار بر کارایی مصرف آب آبیاری و کارایی مصرف نیتروژن در گیاه کارلا تحت شرایط تنش آبی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده آب و خاک، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران.

10.22059/jwim.2024.370473.1132

چکیده

در این پژوهش اثر بیوچار بر کارایی مصرف آب آبیاری و کارایی مصرف نیتروژن در سطوح مختلف آبی و کود نیتروژن برای گیاه کارلا در شهرستان زاهدان موردبررسی قرار گرفت. آزمایش در شرایط گلخانه به­صورت فاکتوریل و در قالب طرح کاملاًکاملاًکاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار (کاشت بهمن‌ماه 1398 و برداشت فروردین‌ماه 1399) انجام شد. تیمارها شامل سه تیمار آب آبیاری ((I1)50، (I2)75 و 100(I3) درصد مقدار آب آبیاری، چهار تیمار بیوچار (صفر (B1)، 25/1 (B2)، 5/2 (B3) و 5 (B4) درصد وزنی خاک گلدان) و سه تیمار کود نیتروژن (50 (N1)، 75 (N2) و 100 (N3) درصد نیاز کودی گیاه) بود. سطوح تنش آبی در طول فصل رشد ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮزﯾﻦ روزاﻧﻪ ﮔﻠﺪانﻫﺎ اﻋﻤﺎل ﺷﺪ. برداشت هر هفته یک­بار انجام شد. در مجموع پنج بار برداشت انجام شد. عملکرد و کارایی مصرف آب آبیاری و کارایی مصرف نیتروژن و شوری خاک در پایان فصل کشت در هر تیمار محاسبه شد. هم‌چنین مقدار نیتروژن خاک و قند میوه نیز در هر برداشت اندازه­گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد اثرات سطوح آب آبیاری و بیوچار در سطح احتمال یک و پنج درصد بر پارامترهای اندازه­گیری‌شده معنی­دار بود. بیش‌ترین مقدار عملکرد (5/15 تن در هکتار) از تیمار 100 درصد مقدار آب آبیاری حاصل شد که از این نظر با تیمار 75 درصد آب آبیاری معنی­دار نبود. استفاده از بیوچار تا سطح 5/2 درصد وزنی خاک باعث افزایش عملکرد شد. استفاده بیش‌تر بیوچار (5 درصد وزنی خاک) باعث کاهش عملکرد گیاه شد. بیش‌ترین کارایی مصرف آب (14/3 کیلوگرم بر مترمکعب) و کارایی مصرف نیتروژن (55/94 کیلوگرم بر کیلوگرم) با مصرف 75 درصد کود نیتروژن (150 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و 5/2 درصد وزنی بیوچار به­دست آمد. استفاده از مقدار مناسب بیوچار ﺳﺒﺐ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ اﺛﺮات ﻣﻨﻔﯽ ﺗﻨﺶ رﻃﻮﺑﺘﯽ در ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد آن ﺑﺮای ﮔﯿﺎه و ﺑﻪوﯾﮋه در ﺷﺮاﯾﻄﯽ ﮐﻪ ﮔﯿﺎه ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ اﺳﺖ و ﯾﺎ در ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ و ﺧﺰاﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ­ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﯿﺰان آب ﻣﺼﺮﻓﯽ و ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﮔﯿﺎه ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‌ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ، ﻫﺮﭼﻨﺪ ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﻣﯽﺷﻮد آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ ﻧﯿﺰ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the effects of biochar on irrigation water use efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency in Karla plant under water stress conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • halimeh piri
  • esmaeil mir
Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Water and Soil, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran.
چکیده [English]

In this research, the effect of biochar on the efficiency of irrigation water consumption and the efficiency of nitrogen consumption at different levels of water and nitrogen fertilizer for karla plant was investigated in Zahedan. The experiment was carried out in the greenhouse conditions in a factorial manner and in the form of a completely random design with three replications (planted in February 2018 and harvested in April 2019). The treatments include three irrigation water treatments (I1) 50, (I2) 75 and 100 (I3) percent of irrigation water, four biochar treatments (zero (B1), 1.25 (B2), 2.5 (B3) and 5 (B4) weight percentage of pot soil) and three nitrogen fertilizer treatments (50 (N1), 75 (N2) and 100 (N3) percent of plant fertilizer requirement). Water stress levels during the growing season were measured by weighing the pots daily. Harvesting was done once a week. A total of five harvests were done. The yield and efficiency of irrigation water consumption and the efficiency of nitrogen consumption and soil salinity were calculated at the end of the growing season in each treatment. Also, soil nitrogen and fruit sugar were measured in each harvest. The results showed that the effects of irrigation water and biochar levels on the measured parameters were significant at the probability level of one and five percent. The highest amount of yield (15.5 tons per hectare) was obtained from the treatment of 100% of the amount of irrigation water, which was not significant with the treatment of 75% of irrigation water. The use of biochar up to 2.5 percent by weight of the soil increased the yield. More use of biochar (5% by weight of soil) decreased plant yield. The highest water consumption efficiency (3.14 kg/m3) and nitrogen consumption efficiency (94.55 kg/kg) were obtained with the use of 75% nitrogen fertilizer (150 kg/ha) and 2.5% by weight of biochar. The use of the appropriate amount of biochar reduced the negative effects of moisture stress in comparison with the control. Therefore, it is recommended to use it for the plant and especially in the conditions where the plant is under drought stress or in greenhouses and storages in order to reduce the amount of water consumed and improve the performance of the plant, although it is suggested to test in The farm should also be completed.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Fruit sugar
  • Soil nitrogen
  • Soil salinity
  • Yield

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مدیریت آب و آبیاری
دوره 14، شماره 2
مهر 1403
صفحه 357-373

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