ارزیابی کیفیت آب رودخانه هراز با کاربرد شاخص‌های کیفی IRWQI، NSFWQI و CCMEWQI و بهینه‌سازی به‌روش سطح پاسخ (RSM)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

دانشکده مهندسی عمران، آب و محیط زیست، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.

10.22059/jwim.2025.398878.1247

چکیده

رودخانه‌ها به‌عنوان یکی از منابع اصلی تأمین آب، نقش حیاتی در تأمین نیازهای زیست‌محیطی، کشاورزی و انسانی دارند. بررسی کیفیت آب این منابع با هدف مدیریت پایدار و کاهش مخاطرات زیست‌محیطی، امری ضروری است. انتخاب شاخص مناسب برای ارزیابی کیفیت آب سطحی، یکی از چالش‌های کلیدی در مدیریت منابع آب است. در این مطالعه، با هدف مقایسه سه شاخص پرکاربرد کیفیت آب شامل شاخص ملی ایران (IRWQI)، شاخص بنیاد ملی بهداشت (NSFWQI) و شاخص شورای وزرای محیط زیست کانادا (CCMEWQI)، داده‌های حاصل از نمونه‌برداری در رودخانه هراز (نُه ایستگاه در دو فصل زمستان و تابستان) به‌عنوان نمونه مورداستفاده قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد هر سه شاخص توانایی طبقه‌بندی نسبی کیفیت آب را دارند، اما تفاوت‌هایی در میزان حساسیت و تفکیک‌پذیری آن‌ها مشاهده شد، به‌طوری‌که شاخص NSFWQI در اغلب موارد نتایج خوش‌بینانه‌تری ارائه داد. هم‌چنین برای تحلیل تأثیر پارامترهای مختلف بر خروجی هر شاخص و بهینه‌سازی مدل‌سازی کیفی، از روش سطح پاسخ (RSM) استفاده شد.  نتایج بیانگر آن است که در فصل تابستان پارامترهای نیترات، فسفات، اکسیژن محلول و آمونیوم به‌ترتیب دارای اهمیت بالاتری می‌باشند و در مجموع 83 درصد را در بر می‌گیرد و در فصل زمستان پارامترهای اکسیژن‌خواهی بیولوژیکی و شیمیایی، سختی کل و اسیدیته به‌ترتیب دارای اهمیت بالایی می باشند و در مجموع 82 درصد را در بر می‌گیرد. وضعیت کیفیت آب براساس شاخص NSFWQI در فصل تابستان پایین‌تر از فصل زمستان است. در فصل زمستان 100 درصد از ایستگاه‌ها دارای کیفیت متوسط و خوب می‌باشد، اما در فصل تابستان حدود 34 درصد در وضعیت متوسط و خوب قرار دارند. هم‌چنین بر مبنای این شاخص در امتداد رودخانه شاهد روند کاهش کیفیت آب در هر دو فصل می‌باشیم. این پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که انتخاب شاخص می‌تواند بر تفسیر وضعیت کیفی آب تأثیرگذار باشد و ترکیب آن با روش‌های آماری مانند RSM می‌تواند ابزار مؤثری برای مدیریت کیفی منابع سطحی در سایر رودخانه‌ها نیز فراهم کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Assesment of water quality of Haraz river with IRWQI, NSFWQI, CCMEWQI indices and optimization using response surface methodology -RSM

نویسندگان [English]

  • Yasaman Tajabadi
  • Homayoun Motiee
  • Ali Moridi
Department of Water, Wastewater and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil, Water and Environmental Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Rivers, as one of the main sources of water supply, play a vital role in meeting environmental, agricultural, and  human needs. Assessing the water quality of these resources is essential for sustainable management and reducing environmental risks. Selecting an appropriate index for evaluating surface water quality is one of the  key challenges in water resources management. In this study, in order to compare three widely used water  quality indices, the Iranian National Water Quality Index (IRWQI), the National Sanitation Foundation Water  Quality Index (NSFWQI), and the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment Water Quality Index (CCMEWQI), data collected from the Haraz River (nine stations during two seasons: winter and summer)  were used as a case study. The results showed that all three indices were able to classify water quality  relatively well; however, differences were observed in their sensitivity and discriminatory capability, with the NSFWQI generally providing more optimistic results. Furthermore, Response Surface Methodology (RSM)  was employed to analyze the influence of different parameters on each index and to optimize water quality  modeling. The findings indicated that in summer, nitrate, phosphate, dissolved oxygen, and ammonium were  the most influential parameters, accounting for a total of 83%, while in winter, biochemical oxygen demand,  chemical oxygen demand, total hardness, and pH were the most influential, accounting for 82%. Water quality  based on the NSFWQI was lower in summer than in winter; during winter, all stations fell within the medium  to good categories, whereas only about 34% of the stations were in this range in summer. A decreasing trend in  water quality along the river was also observed in both seasons. This study demonstrates that the choice of  index can significantly affect the interpretation of water quality status, and that integrating indices with  statistical methods such as RSM can provide an effective tool for surface water quality management in other rivers.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • CCMEWQI
  • IRWQI
  • NSFWQI
  • Indices RSM
  • Water quality assessment

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مدیریت آب و آبیاری
دوره 15، شماره 3
آذر 1404
صفحه 607-630

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